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		<title>Automate SQL Server HA: AD, SPN, and Cluster Setup</title>
		<link>https://dbavonnebenan.de/automate-sql-server-ha-ad-spn-and-cluster-setup_en/</link>
					<comments>https://dbavonnebenan.de/automate-sql-server-ha-ad-spn-and-cluster-setup_en/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Gabriel]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 06 Feb 2026 11:47:28 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[PowerShell]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sql Server]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[AD]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[AlwaysOn]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Deployment]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[eng]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[GMSA]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[SPN]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[WSFC]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://dbavonnebenan.de/?p=669</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Production-Ready Windows Cluster Deployment: Automation of Failover Cluster, gMSA, Kerberos and local rights via PowerShell.</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://dbavonnebenan.de/automate-sql-server-ha-ad-spn-and-cluster-setup_en/">Automate SQL Server HA: AD, SPN, and Cluster Setup</a> first appeared on <a href="https://dbavonnebenan.de">DBA von Nebenan</a>.</p>]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div style="border: 1px dotted #eb2b14; border-radius: 6px; background-color: #eeeeee; padding-top: var(--wp--preset--spacing--30); padding-left: var(--wp--preset--spacing--30); padding-right: var(--wp--preset--spacing--30); padding-bottom: var(--wp--preset--spacing--30); " class="ub-styled-box ub-bordered-box wp-block-ub-styled-box" id="ub-styled-box-11670a24-effc-43d1-9b6f-f1421b3d4c12">
<p class="has-open-sauce-sans-font-family" style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0" id="ub-styled-box-bordered-content-">What awaits you here?</p>



<ul style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0" class="wp-block-list has-open-sauce-sans-font-family">
<li><a href="#WSFC" title="">Windows Server Failover Cluster Deployment with Extended AD and DNS Permissions</a></li>



<li><a href="#GMSA" title="">Identity Management: Group Managed Service Accounts (gMSA)</a></li>



<li><a href="#KERBEROS" title="">Kerberos and Service Principal Names (SPN)</a></li>



<li><a href="#LSP" title="">Local Security Policies</a></li>



<li>Background knowledge on why configurations are done the way they are</li>
</ul>


</div>


<div style="height:20px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>


https://github.com/gabrielkoehl/DBAScriptBox


<div style="height:20px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="0-intro" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)">Intro</h2>



<p>Who hasn&#8217;t been there? Before you can even start installing SQL Server, you&#8217;ve either repetitively clicked through pages of bad GUIs or, if available, juggled a loose collection of scripts to semi-automatically set up all dependencies and best practices.</p>



<div class="wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex">
<div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:90%">
<p>Even worse is the case when, as a consultant, you don&#8217;t have Domain Admin access (which is how it should be) and you have to guide the customer — who may have never done this before — via Teams &amp; Co. If this isn&#8217;t already a planned installation with knowledge transfer, something like this creates pain. <img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/1f92d.png" alt="🤭" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /></p>
</div>



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<figure class="wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" width="264" height="329" src="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/emote-4.png" alt="PAIN Emote" class="wp-image-516" style="aspect-ratio:0.8024665981500514;width:65px;height:auto" srcset="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/emote-4.png 264w, https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/emote-4-241x300.png 241w" sizes="(max-width: 264px) 100vw, 264px" /></figure>
</div>
</div>



<p>Accordingly, I&#8217;ve now gathered all my loose scripts and developed a function for each topic area that automates all these tasks and logs them for archival purposes. Thanks also to Claude for the support. Nobody reviews and documents code better than Claude. <img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/1f60b.png" alt="😋" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /></p>



<p>Now you might ask: Aren&#8217;t there dbatools and DSC? Sure, I like using those too. But transparent, traceable scripts without framework overhead convey knowledge better — especially when aspiring DBAs lack the big-picture perspective. Operating SQL Server starts at the bare metal, goes through storage, Windows Server, Active Directory, and ends at a Certificate Authority. And for critical infrastructure companies or small mid-sized businesses with 3 clusters, I don&#8217;t want to start a fundamental discussion about dbatools or DSC right from the beginning.</p>



<p>Let&#8217;s start with a production-ready Windows Server Failover Cluster — including CNO/VCO permissions, DNS registration, and quorum configuration. Everything repeatable, everything logged, everything traceable.</p>



<div style="height:20px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="1-das-lab-szenario" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)">The Lab Scenario</h2>



<p style="margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)">To make the steps tangible, the following environment and naming conventions are used</p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li><strong>Nodes</strong>
<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li><code>LAB-NODE01</code> (192.168.100.12)</li>



<li><code>LAB-NODE02</code> (192.168.100.13)</li>
</ul>
</li>



<li><strong>Cluster Name</strong>
<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li><code>MSSQL-CL-01</code> (192.168.100.14)</li>
</ul>
</li>



<li><strong>SQL Instance</strong>
<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li><code>LAB22A</code></li>
</ul>
</li>



<li><strong>Domain</strong>
<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li><code>lab.local</code></li>
</ul>
</li>



<li><strong>Service Accounts</strong> Group Managed Service Accounts (gMSA)
<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li><code>g-LAB22A-oltp</code></li>



<li><code>g-LAB22A-agnt</code></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>



<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60)"/>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="WSFC" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)">Windows Server Failover Cluster Deployment </h2>



<div class="wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-c901c877 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex" style="border-width:1px;border-top-left-radius:2px;border-top-right-radius:2px;border-bottom-left-radius:2px;border-bottom-right-radius:2px;margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--80);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--80)">
<div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:100%">
<div class="wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex">
<div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow">
<p class="has-text-align-center"><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/2692.png" alt="⚒" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /><br><a href="https://github.com/gabrielkoehl/DBAScriptBox/blob/main/windows/system/cluster_manageSQLCluster.ps1" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="cluster_manageSQLCluster.ps1"><code>cluster_manageSQLCluster.ps1</code></a></p>
</div>



<div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow">
<p class="has-text-align-center"><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/1f4d3.png" alt="📓" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /><br><code><a href="https://github.com/gabrielkoehl/DBAScriptBox/blob/main/windows/system/cluster_manageSQLCluster.md" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="cluster_manageSQLCluster.md">cluster_manageSQLCluster.md</a></code></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>



<div style="height:14px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>



<p class="has-text-align-left">The WSFC forms the foundation for AlwaysOn Availability Groups. The script manages the entire lifecycle from feature installation to witness configuration.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading has-text-align-left" id="3-feature-installation-amp-cluster-erstellung" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--70);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)">Feature Installation &amp; Cluster Creation</h3>



<p style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)">First, the <code>Failover-Clustering</code> feature is installed on the individual nodes and the cluster is created. An important aspect of automation is the Cluster Name Object (CNO): It needs write permissions in DNS and Active Directory to be able to automatically create listener records later. </p>


<div class="wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code "><pre class="brush: powershell; auto-links: false; title: ; notranslate">
.\cluster_manageSQLCluster.ps1 `
    -Operation InstallFeature `
    -Nodes &quot;LAB-NODE01&quot;,&quot;LAB-NODE02&quot; `
    -LogPath &quot;C:\Temp\Cluster_Feature_$(Get-Date -Format &#039;yyyyMMdd_HHmmss&#039;).log&quot;
</pre></div>


<p class="has-text-align-left" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)">Afterwards, the cluster is created. The script additionally sets the corresponding permissions in AD and DNS.</p>


<div class="wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code "><pre class="brush: powershell; title: ; notranslate">
.\cluster_manageSQLCluster.ps1 `
    -Operation CreateCluster `
    -ClusterName &quot;MSSQL-CL-01&quot; `
    -Nodes &quot;LAB-NODE01&quot;,&quot;LAB-NODE02&quot; `
    -StaticIP &quot;192.168.100.14&quot; `
    -DnsDomain &quot;lab.local&quot; `
    -TargetOU &quot;OU=lab_computer,DC=lab,DC=local&quot; `
    -LogPath &quot;C:\Temp\Cluster_Create_$(Get-Date -Format &#039;yyyyMMdd_HHmmss&#039;).log&quot;
</pre></div>


<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="4-file-share-witness-quorum" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--70);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)">File Share Witness (Quorum)</h3>



<p style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)">For a 2-node cluster, a witness is mandatory to avoid split-brain scenarios. Here, a file share on the domain controller (<code>\\LAB-DC\quorum$</code>) is used. </p>



<p style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)"><strong>Manual Intermediate Step</strong><br>The Cluster Computer Object (<code>MSSQL-CL-01$</code>) requires <strong>Full Control</strong> at both the share and NTFS permission level of the witness path (<code>\\LAB-DC\quorum$</code>). This must be ensured before running the following command.</p>


<div class="wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code "><pre class="brush: powershell; title: ; notranslate">
.\cluster_manageSQLCluster.ps1 `
    -Operation SetWitness `
    -ClusterName &quot;MSSQL-CL-01&quot; `
    -WitnessShare &quot;\\LAB-DC\quorum$&quot; `
    -LogPath &quot;C:\Temp\Cluster_Witness_$(Get-Date -Format &#039;yyyyMMdd_HHmmss&#039;).log&quot;
</pre></div>


<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="5-verwendete-microsoft-cmdlets" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--70);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)">Microsoft Cmdlets Used</h3>



<p style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)">The script primarily uses the <a href="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/failoverclusters/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="FailoverClusters"><code>FailoverClusters</code></a> module</p>



<ul style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)" class="wp-block-list">
<li><code>New-Cluster</code>
<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Creates the cluster, adds the nodes, and sets the management IP</li>
</ul>
</li>



<li><code>Set-ClusterQuorum</code>
<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Configures the witness mode (here: File Share Witness)</li>
</ul>
</li>



<li><code>Install-WindowsFeature</code>
<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Installs the RSAT tools and the cluster service</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>



<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--70);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--70)"/>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="GMSA" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)">Identity Management: gMSA</h2>



<div class="wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-c901c877 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex" style="border-width:1px;border-top-left-radius:2px;border-top-right-radius:2px;border-bottom-left-radius:2px;border-bottom-right-radius:2px;margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--80);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--80)">
<div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:100%">
<div class="wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex">
<div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow">
<p class="has-text-align-center"><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/2692.png" alt="⚒" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /><br><a href="https://github.com/gabrielkoehl/DBAScriptBox/blob/main/windows/security/security_createGMSA.ps1" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="security_createGMSA.ps1"><code>security_createGMSA.ps1</code></a></p>
</div>



<div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow">
<p class="has-text-align-center"><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/1f4d3.png" alt="📓" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /><br><a href="https://github.com/gabrielkoehl/DBAScriptBox/blob/main/windows/security/security_createGMSA.md" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="security_createGMSA.md"><code>security_createGMSA.md</code></a></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>



<p style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)">Using standard users as service accounts can lead to expired passwords and downtime. The recommended method for SQL Server is <a href="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/identity/ad-ds/manage/group-managed-service-accounts/group-managed-service-accounts/group-managed-service-accounts-overview" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="gMSA"><code>Group Managed Service Accounts (gMSA)</code></a>. Here, the Key Distribution Service (KDS) of Active Directory handles password rotation; nobody needs to know the password.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--70);margin-right:0;margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-left:0">KDS Root Key</h3>



<p style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)">Before the first gMSA can be created, a KDS Root Key must exist once per forest. If a key already exists, the creation will be skipped.</p>


<div class="wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code "><pre class="brush: powershell; title: ; notranslate">
.\security_createGMSA.ps1 `
    -InitializeKDS `
    -LogPath &quot;C:\Temp\KDS_Init.log&quot;
</pre></div>


<h3 class="wp-block-heading" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--70);margin-right:0;margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-left:0">gMSA Creation</h3>



<p style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)">Instead of assigning servers directly to a gMSA, it is best practice to create a security group (<code>SQL_LAB_CL01</code>) that contains the computer accounts of the cluster nodes. In addition to setting up the actual gMSA, this script can also create the security groups and handle the assignments. And always keep the descriptions of AD objects well-maintained. </p>


<div class="wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code "><pre class="brush: powershell; title: ; notranslate">
.\security_createGMSA.ps1 `
    -AccountName @( `
        @(&quot;g-LAB22A-oltp&quot;, &quot;SQL Server Engine Account for LAB22A&quot;), `
        @(&quot;g-LAB22A-agnt&quot;, &quot;SQL Server Agent Account for LAB22A&quot;) ) `
    -SecurityGroupName &quot;SQL_LAB_CL01&quot; `
    -SecurityGroupDescription &quot;SQL Server Cluster CL01 gMSA Group&quot; `
    -ServerNames &quot;LAB-NODE01&quot;,&quot;LAB-NODE02&quot; `
    -CreateSecurityGroup `
    -SecurityGroupOU &quot;OU=lab_secgrp,DC=lab,DC=local&quot; `
    -PasswordIntervalDays 90 `
    -LogPath &quot;C:\Temp\gMSA_Creation_$(Get-Date -Format &#039;yyyyMMdd_HHmmss&#039;).log&quot;
</pre></div>


<p style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:0">After this step, a restart of the nodes is required for the new group membership to take effect.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--70);margin-right:0;margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-left:0">Local Registration</h3>



<p style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)">After creation, the gMSAs must be registered locally on the nodes. The following script can be used for this purpose.</p>


<div class="wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code "><pre class="brush: powershell; title: ; notranslate">
# Required for local setup (Local Admin)
Add-WindowsFeature -Name RSAT-AD-PowerShell

$gMSAs = @(
    &#039;g-LAB22A-oltp&#039;,
    &#039;g-LAB22A-agnt&#039;
)

foreach ($gMSA in $gMSAs) {

    if (Test-ADServiceAccount -Identity $gMSA -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue) {
        try {
            Install-ADServiceAccount -Identity $gMSA -ErrorAction Stop
            Write-Host &quot;$gMSA installed&quot; -ForegroundColor Green
        } catch {
            Write-Host &quot;$gMSA - Installation error: $($_.Exception.Message)&quot; -ForegroundColor Red
        }
    } else {
        Write-Host &quot;$gMSA does not exist&quot; -ForegroundColor Yellow
    }
}
</pre></div>


<p style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:0">After this step, a restart of the nodes is required for the new group membership to take effect.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="5-verwendete-microsoft-cmdlets" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--70);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)">Microsoft Cmdlets Used</h3>



<p style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)">The script primarily uses the <a href="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/activedirectory/?view=windowsserver2025-ps" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="ActiveDirectory"><code>ActiveDirectory</code></a> module</p>



<ul style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)" class="wp-block-list">
<li><code>Add-KdsRootKey</code>
<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Creates the root key for the Group Key Distribution Service</li>
</ul>
</li>



<li><code>New-ADServiceAccount</code>
<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Creates the gMSA object in AD</li>
</ul>
</li>



<li><code>Set-ADServiceAccount</code>
<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Configures which computers (PrincipalsAllowedToRetrieveManagedPassword) are allowed to read the password</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>



<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--70);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--70)"/>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="KERBEROS" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)">Kerberos and Service Principal Names (SPN)</h2>



<div class="wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-c901c877 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex" style="border-width:1px;border-top-left-radius:2px;border-top-right-radius:2px;border-bottom-left-radius:2px;border-bottom-right-radius:2px;margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--80);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--80)">
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<div class="wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex">
<div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow">
<p class="has-text-align-center"><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/2692.png" alt="⚒" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /><br><code><a href="https://github.com/gabrielkoehl/DBAScriptBox/blob/main/windows/security/security_setSqlSpn.ps1" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="cluster_manageSQLCluster.ps1">security_setSqlSpn.ps1</a></code></p>
</div>



<div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow">
<p class="has-text-align-center"><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/1f4d3.png" alt="📓" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /><br><code><a href="https://github.com/gabrielkoehl/DBAScriptBox/blob/main/windows/security/security_setSqlSpn.md" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="">security_setSqlSpn</a></code><a href="https://github.com/gabrielkoehl/DBAScriptBox/blob/main/windows/security/security_setSqlSpn.md" title=""><code>.</code>md</a></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>



<p style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)">A gMSA does not have the right to write its own SPNs in AD by default. When the SQL service starts, the registration often fails, leading to NTLM fallbacks. Even though I prefer to set SPNs in a controlled and manual manner, the automatic registration must be technically possible to avoid fallbacks.</p>



<p style="margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)">The script solves this problem by granting the gMSA the rights in AD to manage its own SPNs, in addition to creating the SPNs. It sets ACLs on the nodes for <code>Read</code>, <code>Write</code>, and <code>Validated write</code> on the <code>servicePrincipalName</code> attribute.</p>


<div class="wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code "><pre class="brush: powershell; title: ; notranslate">
.\security_setSqlSpn.ps1 `
    -ServiceAccount &quot;LAB\g-LAB22A-oltp&quot; `
    -InstanceName &quot;LAB22A&quot; `
    -Port 51101 `
    -Hostnames &quot;LAB-NODE01&quot;,&quot;LAB-NODE02&quot; `
    -Domain &quot;lab.local&quot; `
    -IsGMSA `
    -SetADPermissions `
    -LogPath &quot;C:\Temp\SPN_AlwaysOn_$(Get-Date -Format &#039;yyyyMMdd_HHmmss&#039;).log&quot;
</pre></div>


<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="5-verwendete-microsoft-cmdlets" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--70);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)">Microsoft Cmdlets Used</h3>



<p style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)">On one hand, <a href="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/setspn" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="setspn.exe"><code>setspn.exe</code></a> is used for SPN management, and on the other hand, the <a href="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/activedirectory/?view=windowsserver2025-ps" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title=""><code>ActiveDirectory</code></a> module is used again to verify accounts and extract SIDs.</p>



<p style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)">Since none of the modules can manipulate Active Directory permissions, the .NET Framework <a href="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/api/system.directoryservices?view=windowsdesktop-10.0" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="System.DirectoryServices"><code>System.DirectoryServices</code></a> is used directly for this purpose, which provides various classes to completely turn AD inside out. </p>



<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--70);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--70)"/>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="LSP" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)">Local Security Policies</h2>



<div class="wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-c901c877 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex" style="border-width:1px;border-top-left-radius:2px;border-top-right-radius:2px;border-bottom-left-radius:2px;border-bottom-right-radius:2px;margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--80);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--80)">
<div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:100%">
<div class="wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex">
<div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow">
<p class="has-text-align-center"><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/2692.png" alt="⚒" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /><br><code><a href="https://github.com/gabrielkoehl/DBAScriptBox/blob/main/windows/security/security_setSqlLocalSec.ps1" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="security_setSqlLocalSec.ps1">security_setSqlLocalSec.ps1</a></code></p>
</div>



<div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow">
<p class="has-text-align-center"><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/1f4d3.png" alt="📓" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /><br><a href="https://github.com/gabrielkoehl/DBAScriptBox/blob/main/windows/security/security_setSqlLocalSec.md" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title=""><code>security_setSqlLocalSec.md</code></a></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>



<p style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)">As everywhere in IT, SQL Server should also follow the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principle_of_least_privilege" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="PoLP"><code>PoLP</code></a>, which is why no service account gets local administrator privileges. For SQL Server to still run flawlessly and performantly, the service account needs specific rights in the operating system (&#8222;User Rights Assignment&#8220;). Anyone who has done this manually a few times will be very happy about this solution. This must be executed locally on the respective node.</p>


<div class="wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code "><pre class="brush: powershell; title: ; notranslate">
# ===== Set Engine Permissions for gMSA =====

    .\security_setSqlLocalSec.ps1 `
        -ServiceAccount &quot;g-LAB22A-oltp$&quot; `
        -ServiceType &quot;engine&quot; `
        -IsGMSA `
        -LogPath &quot;C:\Temp\LAB22A_Engine_$(Get-Date -Format &#039;yyyyMMdd_HHmmss&#039;).log&quot;

# ===== Set Agent Permissions for gMSA =====

    .\security_setSqlLocalSec.ps1 `
        -ServiceAccount &quot;g-LAB22A-agnt$&quot; `
        -ServiceType &quot;agent&quot; `
        -IsGMSA `
        -LogPath &quot;C:\Temp\LAB22A_Agent_$(Get-Date -Format &#039;yyyyMMdd_HHmmss&#039;).log&quot;
</pre></div>


<h3 class="wp-block-heading" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--70);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)">Microsoft Cmdlets Used</h3>



<p style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)">Since PowerShell has no native cmdlets for editing local security policies, the Windows tool <a href="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/secedit" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="secedit.exe"><code>secedit.exe</code></a> is used and its export is manipulated.</p>



<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--70);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--70)"/>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)">Summary</h2>



<p style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)">With these four building blocks, the foundation for a SQL Server installation has been laid. It wasn&#8217;t just an installation that was performed, but a valid, documented configuration that considers identity (gMSA), network (DNS/SPN), and OS performance. In the next step, the actual SQL Server instance can be installed.</p>



<p>Also check out the linked MD files — they contain background information on best practices and further articles from Microsoft</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image aligncenter size-full" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60)"><img decoding="async" width="307" height="328" src="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/emotes_2.png" alt="good to know emote" class="wp-image-345" srcset="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/emotes_2.png 307w, https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/emotes_2-281x300.png 281w" sizes="(max-width: 307px) 100vw, 307px" /></figure><p>The post <a href="https://dbavonnebenan.de/automate-sql-server-ha-ad-spn-and-cluster-setup_en/">Automate SQL Server HA: AD, SPN, and Cluster Setup</a> first appeared on <a href="https://dbavonnebenan.de">DBA von Nebenan</a>.</p>]]></content:encoded>
					
					<wfw:commentRss>https://dbavonnebenan.de/automate-sql-server-ha-ad-spn-and-cluster-setup_en/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>SQL Server HA: AD, SPN und Cluster Setup automatisieren</title>
		<link>https://dbavonnebenan.de/automate-sql-server-ha-ad-spn-and-cluster-setup_de/</link>
					<comments>https://dbavonnebenan.de/automate-sql-server-ha-ad-spn-and-cluster-setup_de/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Gabriel]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 06 Feb 2026 11:20:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[PowerShell]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sql Server]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[AD]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[AlwaysOn]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[DE]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Deployment]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[GMSA]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[SPN]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[WSFC]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://dbavonnebenan.de/?p=641</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Production-Ready Windows Cluster Deployment: Automatisierung von Failover Cluster, gMSA, Kerberos und lokalen Rechten via PowerShell.</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://dbavonnebenan.de/automate-sql-server-ha-ad-spn-and-cluster-setup_de/">SQL Server HA: AD, SPN und Cluster Setup automatisieren</a> first appeared on <a href="https://dbavonnebenan.de">DBA von Nebenan</a>.</p>]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div style="border: 1px dotted #eb2b14; border-radius: 6px; background-color: #eeeeee; padding-top: var(--wp--preset--spacing--30); padding-left: var(--wp--preset--spacing--30); padding-right: var(--wp--preset--spacing--30); padding-bottom: var(--wp--preset--spacing--30); " class="ub-styled-box ub-bordered-box wp-block-ub-styled-box" id="ub-styled-box-8bf7c8f5-ed36-44d1-82b0-6849bd1507a5">
<p class="has-open-sauce-sans-font-family" style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0" id="ub-styled-box-bordered-content-">Was erwartet dich hier?</p>



<ul style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0" class="wp-block-list has-open-sauce-sans-font-family">
<li><a href="#WSFC" title="">Windows Server Failover Cluster Deployment mit erweiterten AD- und DNS-Berechtigungen</a></li>



<li><a href="#GMSA" title="">Identity Management: Group Managed Service Accounts (gMSA)</a></li>



<li><a href="#KERBEROS" title="">Kerberos und Service Principal Names (SPN)</a></li>



<li><a href="#LSP" title="">Lokale Sicherheitsrichtlinien (Local Security Policies)</a></li>



<li>Hintergrundwissen warum Konfigurationen gemacht werden wie sie gemacht werden</li>
</ul>


</div>


<div style="height:20px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>


https://github.com/gabrielkoehl/DBAScriptBox


<div style="height:20px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="0-intro" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)">Intro</h2>



<p>Wer kennt es nicht? Bevor man überhaupt mit der Installation von SQL Server loslegen kann, hat man sich entweder repetitiv durch seitenweise schlechte GUIs geklickt oder wenn verfügbar, mit einer losen Sammlung an Scripten jongliert und semiautomatisch alle Abhängigkeiten und Best Practices eingerichtet.</p>



<div class="wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex">
<div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:80%">
<p>Noch schlimmer ist der Fall, wenn man als Berater gar keinen Domain Admin hat (was auch so sein sollte) und man den Kunden, der dies vielleicht noch nie gemacht hat, per Teams &amp; Co anleiten muss. Wenn dies nicht eh eine geplante Installation mit Know-how-Transfer ist, erzeugt so etwas Schmerz. <img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/1f92d.png" alt="🤭" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /></p>
</div>



<div class="wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:20%">
<figure class="wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized"><img decoding="async" width="264" height="329" src="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/emote-4.png" alt="PAIN Emote" class="wp-image-516" style="aspect-ratio:0.8024665981500514;width:75px;height:auto" srcset="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/emote-4.png 264w, https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/emote-4-241x300.png 241w" sizes="(max-width: 264px) 100vw, 264px" /></figure>
</div>
</div>



<p>Dementsprechend habe ich nun mal all meine losen Scripte zusammengewürfelt und für jeden Themenbereich eine recht umfangreiche Funktion entwickelt, welche all diese Tasks automatisiert und für Archivzwecke loggt. Danke auch an Claude für die Unterstützung. Keiner kontrolliert und dokumentiert Code besser als Claude. <img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/1f60b.png" alt="😋" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /></p>



<p>Nun könnte man sich fragen: Es gibt doch dbatools und DSC? Klar, nutze ich auch gerne. Aber transparente, nachvollziehbare Scripts ohne Framework-Overhead vermitteln Wissen besser &#8211; gerade wenn angehenden DBAs der Blick fürs Ganze fehlt. Betrieb von SQL Server fängt auf dem Blech an, geht über Storage, Windows Server, Active Directory und hört bei einer Certificate Authority auf. Und bei KRITIS-Unternehmen oder kleinen Mittelständlern mit 3 Clustern will ich zu Beginn keine Grundsatzdiskussion über dbatools oder DSC führen.</p>



<p>Los geht&#8217;s mit einem Production-Ready Windows Server Failover Cluster &#8211; inklusive CNO/VCO-Berechtigungen, DNS-Registrierung und Quorum-Konfiguration. Alles wiederholbar, alles geloggt, alles nachvollziehbar.</p>



<div style="height:20px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="1-das-lab-szenario" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)">Das Lab Szenario</h2>



<p style="margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)">Um die Schritte greifbar zu machen, wird folgende Umgebung und Naming-Conventions genutzt</p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li><strong>Nodes</strong>
<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li><code>LAB-NODE01</code> (192.168.100.12)</li>



<li><code>LAB-NODE02</code> (192.168.100.13)</li>
</ul>
</li>



<li><strong>Cluster Name</strong>
<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li><code>MSSQL-CL-01</code> (192.168.100.14)</li>
</ul>
</li>



<li><strong>SQL Instanz</strong>
<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li><code>LAB22A</code></li>
</ul>
</li>



<li><strong>Domain</strong>
<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li><code>lab.local</code></li>
</ul>
</li>



<li><strong>Service Accounts</strong> Group Managed Service Accounts (gMSA)
<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li><code>g-LAB22A-oltp</code></li>



<li><code>g-LAB22A-agnt</code></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>



<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60)"/>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="WSFC" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)">Windows Server Failover Cluster Deployment </h2>



<div class="wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-c901c877 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex" style="border-width:1px;border-top-left-radius:2px;border-top-right-radius:2px;border-bottom-left-radius:2px;border-bottom-right-radius:2px;margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--80);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--80)">
<div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:100%">
<div class="wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex">
<div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow">
<p class="has-text-align-center"><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/2692.png" alt="⚒" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /><br><a href="https://github.com/gabrielkoehl/DBAScriptBox/blob/main/windows/system/cluster_manageSQLCluster.ps1" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="cluster_manageSQLCluster.ps1"><code>cluster_manageSQLCluster.ps1</code></a></p>
</div>



<div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow">
<p class="has-text-align-center"><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/1f4d3.png" alt="📓" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /><br><code><a href="https://github.com/gabrielkoehl/DBAScriptBox/blob/main/windows/system/cluster_manageSQLCluster.md" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="cluster_manageSQLCluster.md">cluster_manageSQLCluster.md</a></code></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>



<div style="height:14px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>



<p class="has-text-align-left">Der WSFC bildet das Fundament für AlwaysOn Availability Groups. Das Script steuert den gesamten Lifecycle von der Feature-Installation bis zur Witness-Konfiguration.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading has-text-align-left" id="3-feature-installation-amp-cluster-erstellung" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--70);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)">Feature Installation &amp; Cluster Erstellung</h3>



<p style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)">Zunächst wird das Feature <code>Failover-Clustering</code> auf den einzelnen Nodes installiert und der Cluster erstellt. Ein wichtiger Aspekt bei der Automatisierung ist das Cluster-Objekt (CNO): Es benötigt Schreibrechte im DNS und Active Directory um später automatisiert Listener-Records anlegen zu können. </p>


<div class="wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code "><pre class="brush: powershell; auto-links: false; title: ; notranslate">
.\cluster_manageSQLCluster.ps1 `
    -Operation InstallFeature `
    -Nodes &quot;LAB-NODE01&quot;,&quot;LAB-NODE02&quot; `
    -LogPath &quot;C:\Temp\Cluster_Feature_$(Get-Date -Format &#039;yyyyMMdd_HHmmss&#039;).log&quot;
</pre></div>


<p class="has-text-align-left" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)">Anschließend wird der Cluster erstellt. Das Script setzt zusätzlich die entsprechenden Berechtigungen in AD und DNS.</p>


<div class="wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code "><pre class="brush: powershell; title: ; notranslate">
.\cluster_manageSQLCluster.ps1 `
    -Operation CreateCluster `
    -ClusterName &quot;MSSQL-CL-01&quot; `
    -Nodes &quot;LAB-NODE01&quot;,&quot;LAB-NODE02&quot; `
    -StaticIP &quot;192.168.100.14&quot; `
    -DnsDomain &quot;lab.local&quot; `
    -TargetOU &quot;OU=lab_computer,DC=lab,DC=local&quot; `
    -LogPath &quot;C:\Temp\Cluster_Create_$(Get-Date -Format &#039;yyyyMMdd_HHmmss&#039;).log&quot;
</pre></div>


<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="4-file-share-witness-quorum" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--70);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)">File Share Witness (Quorum)</h3>



<p style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)">Für einen 2-Node Cluster ist ein Witness zwingend erforderlich, um Split-Brain-Szenarien zu vermeiden. Hier wird ein File Share auf dem Domain Controller (<code>\\LAB-DC\quorum$</code>) genutzt. </p>



<p style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)"><strong>Manueller Zwischenschritt</strong><br>Das Cluster-Computer-Objekt (<code>MSSQL-CL-01$</code>) benötigt <strong>Full Control</strong> auf Ebene der Share- und NTFS-Berechtigungen des Witness-Pfads (<code>\\LAB-DC\quorum$</code>). Dies muss vor dem folgenden Befehl sichergestellt sein.</p>


<div class="wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code "><pre class="brush: powershell; title: ; notranslate">
.\cluster_manageSQLCluster.ps1 `
    -Operation SetWitness `
    -ClusterName &quot;MSSQL-CL-01&quot; `
    -WitnessShare &quot;\\LAB-DC\quorum$&quot; `
    -LogPath &quot;C:\Temp\Cluster_Witness_$(Get-Date -Format &#039;yyyyMMdd_HHmmss&#039;).log&quot;
</pre></div>


<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="5-verwendete-microsoft-cmdlets" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--70);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)">Verwendete Microsoft Cmdlets</h3>



<p style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)">Das Script nutzt primär das <a href="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/failoverclusters/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="FailoverClusters"><code>FailoverClusters</code></a> Modul</p>



<ul style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)" class="wp-block-list">
<li><code>New-Cluster</code>
<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Erstellt den Cluster, bindet die Nodes ein und setzt die Management-IP</li>
</ul>
</li>



<li><code>Set-ClusterQuorum</code>
<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Konfiguriert den Witness-Modus (hier: File Share Witness)</li>
</ul>
</li>



<li><code>Install-WindowsFeature</code>
<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Installiert die RSAT-Tools und den Cluster-Dienst</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>



<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--70);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--70)"/>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="GMSA" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)">Identity Management: gMSA</h2>



<div class="wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-c901c877 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex" style="border-width:1px;border-top-left-radius:2px;border-top-right-radius:2px;border-bottom-left-radius:2px;border-bottom-right-radius:2px;margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--80);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--80)">
<div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:100%">
<div class="wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex">
<div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow">
<p class="has-text-align-center"><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/2692.png" alt="⚒" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /><br><a href="https://github.com/gabrielkoehl/DBAScriptBox/blob/main/windows/security/security_createGMSA.ps1" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="security_createGMSA.ps1"><code>security_createGMSA.ps1</code></a></p>
</div>



<div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow">
<p class="has-text-align-center"><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/1f4d3.png" alt="📓" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /><br><a href="https://github.com/gabrielkoehl/DBAScriptBox/blob/main/windows/security/security_createGMSA.md" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="security_createGMSA.md"><code>security_createGMSA.md</code></a></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>



<p style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)">Die Nutzung von Standard-Usern als Service Accounts kann zu abgelaufenen Passwörtern und Downtime führen. Die empfohlene Methode für SQL Server sind <a href="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/identity/ad-ds/manage/group-managed-service-accounts/group-managed-service-accounts/group-managed-service-accounts-overview" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="gMSA"><code>Group Managed Service Accounts (gMSA)</code></a>. Hierbei übernimmt der Key Distribution Service (KDS) des Active Directory die Passwortrotation; Niemand muss das Passwort kennen.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--70);margin-right:0;margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-left:0">KDS Root Key</h3>



<p style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)">Bevor der erste gMSA erstellt werden kann, muss einmalig pro Forest ein KDS Root Key existieren. Sollte bereits ein Key existieren, wird die Erstellung übersprungen.</p>


<div class="wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code "><pre class="brush: powershell; title: ; notranslate">
.\security_createGMSA.ps1 `
    -InitializeKDS `
    -LogPath &quot;C:\Temp\KDS_Init.log&quot;
</pre></div>


<h3 class="wp-block-heading" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--70);margin-right:0;margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-left:0">gMSA Erstellung</h3>



<p style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)">Anstatt Server direkt einem gMSA zuzuordnen, ist es Best Practice, eine Security Group zu erstellen (<code>SQL_LAB_CL01</code>), welche die Computerkonten der Cluster-Nodes enthält. Neben der Einrichtung der eigentlichen gMSA kann dieses Script auch die Security Gruppen erstellen und die Zuordnungen vornehmen. Und immer schön die Beschreibungen bei AD-Objekten pflegen. </p>


<div class="wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code "><pre class="brush: powershell; title: ; notranslate">
.\security_createGMSA.ps1 `
    -AccountName @( `
        @(&quot;g-LAB22A-oltp&quot;, &quot;SQL Server Engine Account for LAB22A&quot;), `
        @(&quot;g-LAB22A-agnt&quot;, &quot;SQL Server Agent Account for LAB22A&quot;) ) `
    -SecurityGroupName &quot;SQL_LAB_CL01&quot; `
    -SecurityGroupDescription &quot;SQL Server Cluster CL01 gMSA Group&quot; `
    -ServerNames &quot;LAB-NODE01&quot;,&quot;LAB-NODE02&quot; `
    -CreateSecurityGroup `
    -SecurityGroupOU &quot;OU=lab_secgrp,DC=lab,DC=local&quot; `
    -PasswordIntervalDays 90 `
    -LogPath &quot;C:\Temp\gMSA_Creation_$(Get-Date -Format &#039;yyyyMMdd_HHmmss&#039;).log&quot;
</pre></div>


<p style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:0">Nach diesem Schritt ist ein Neustart der Nodes erforderlich, damit die neue Gruppenmitgliedschaft wirksam wird.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--70);margin-right:0;margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-left:0">Lokale Registrierung</h3>



<p style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)">Nach der Erstellung müssen die gMSA lokal auf den Nodes registriert werden. Hierzu kann folgendes  Script genutzt werden.</p>


<div class="wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code "><pre class="brush: powershell; title: ; notranslate">
# Wichtig für lokale Einrichtung ( Local Admin )
Add-WindowsFeature -Name RSAT-AD-PowerShell

$gMSAs = @(
    &#039;g-LAB22A-oltp&#039;,
    &#039;g-LAB22A-agnt&#039;
)

foreach ($gMSA in $gMSAs) {

    if (Test-ADServiceAccount -Identity $gMSA -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue) {
        try {
            Install-ADServiceAccount -Identity $gMSA -ErrorAction Stop
            Write-Host &quot;$gMSA installiert&quot; -ForegroundColor Green
        } catch {
            Write-Host &quot;$gMSA - Fehler bei Installation: $($_.Exception.Message)&quot; -ForegroundColor Red
        }
    } else {
        Write-Host &quot;$gMSA existiert nicht&quot; -ForegroundColor Yellow
    }
}
</pre></div>


<p style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:0">Nach diesem Schritt ist ein Neustart der Nodes erforderlich, damit die neue Gruppenmitgliedschaft (TGT) wirksam wird.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="5-verwendete-microsoft-cmdlets" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--70);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)">Verwendete Microsoft Cmdlets</h3>



<p style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)">Das Script nutzt primär das <a href="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/activedirectory/?view=windowsserver2025-ps" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="ActiveDirectory"><code>ActiveDirectory</code></a> Modul</p>



<ul style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)" class="wp-block-list">
<li><code>Add-KdsRootKey</code>
<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Erzeugt den Root Key für den Group Key Distribution Service</li>
</ul>
</li>



<li><code>New-ADServiceAccount</code>
<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Erstellt das gMSA Objekt im AD</li>
</ul>
</li>



<li><code>Set-ADServiceAccount</code>
<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Konfiguriert, welche Computer (PrincipalsAllowedToRetrieveManagedPassword) das Passwort lesen dürfen</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>



<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--70);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--70)"/>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="KERBEROS" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)">Kerberos und Service Principal Names (SPN)</h2>



<div class="wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-c901c877 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex" style="border-width:1px;border-top-left-radius:2px;border-top-right-radius:2px;border-bottom-left-radius:2px;border-bottom-right-radius:2px;margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--80);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--80)">
<div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:100%">
<div class="wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex">
<div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow">
<p class="has-text-align-center"><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/2692.png" alt="⚒" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /><br><code><a href="https://github.com/gabrielkoehl/DBAScriptBox/blob/main/windows/security/security_setSqlSpn.ps1" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="cluster_manageSQLCluster.ps1">security_setSqlSpn.ps1</a></code></p>
</div>



<div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow">
<p class="has-text-align-center"><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/1f4d3.png" alt="📓" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /><br><code><a href="https://github.com/gabrielkoehl/DBAScriptBox/blob/main/windows/security/security_setSqlSpn.md" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="">security_setSqlSpn</a></code><a href="https://github.com/gabrielkoehl/DBAScriptBox/blob/main/windows/security/security_setSqlSpn.md" title=""><code>.</code>md</a></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>



<p style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)">Ein gMSA besitzt standardmäßig nicht das Recht, seine eigenen SPNs im AD zu schreiben. Startet der SQL Dienst, schlägt die Registrierung oft fehl, was zu NTLM-Fallbacks führt. Auch wenn ich SPNs bevorzugt kontrolliert und manuell setze, muss die automatische Registrierung technisch möglich sein, um Fallbacks zu vermeiden.</p>



<p style="margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)">Das Script löst dieses Problem, indem es zusätzlich zur SPN Erstellung dem gMSA die Rechte im AD gewährt, seine eigenen SPNs zu verwalten. Es setzt ACLs der Nodes für <code>Read</code>, <code>Write</code> und <code>Validated write</code> auf das Attribut <code>servicePrincipalName</code>.</p>


<div class="wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code "><pre class="brush: powershell; title: ; notranslate">
.\security_setSqlSpn.ps1 `
    -ServiceAccount &quot;LAB\g-LAB22A-oltp&quot; `
    -InstanceName &quot;LAB22A&quot; `
    -Port 51101 `
    -Hostnames &quot;LAB-NODE01&quot;,&quot;LAB-NODE02&quot; `
    -Domain &quot;lab.local&quot; `
    -IsGMSA `
    -SetADPermissions `
    -LogPath &quot;C:\Temp\SPN_AlwaysOn_$(Get-Date -Format &#039;yyyyMMdd_HHmmss&#039;).log&quot;
</pre></div>


<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="5-verwendete-microsoft-cmdlets" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--70);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)">Verwendete Microsoft Cmdlets</h3>



<p style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)">Zum einen wird <a href="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/setspn" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="setspn.exe"><code>setspn.exe</code></a> für Verwaltung der SPN genutzt, zum anderen wieder das <a href="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/activedirectory/?view=windowsserver2025-ps" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title=""><code>ActiveDirectory</code></a> Modul, um Accounts zu verifizieren und die SIDs zu extrahieren.</p>



<p style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)">Da keines der Module Active Directory Permsission manipulieren kann, wird hierfür direkt das .NET Framework <a href="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/api/system.directoryservices?view=windowsdesktop-10.0" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="System.DirectoryServices"><code>System.DirectoryServices</code></a> genutzt, welches diverse Klassen bereitstellt, um das AD komplett auf Links zu drehen. </p>



<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--70);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--70)"/>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="LSP" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)">Lokale Sicherheitsrichtlinien (Local Security Policies)</h2>



<div class="wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-c901c877 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex" style="border-width:1px;border-top-left-radius:2px;border-top-right-radius:2px;border-bottom-left-radius:2px;border-bottom-right-radius:2px;margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--80);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--80)">
<div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:100%">
<div class="wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex">
<div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow">
<p class="has-text-align-center"><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/2692.png" alt="⚒" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /><br><code><a href="https://github.com/gabrielkoehl/DBAScriptBox/blob/main/windows/security/security_setSqlLocalSec.ps1" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="security_setSqlLocalSec.ps1">security_setSqlLocalSec.ps1</a></code></p>
</div>



<div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow">
<p class="has-text-align-center"><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/1f4d3.png" alt="📓" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /><br><a href="https://github.com/gabrielkoehl/DBAScriptBox/blob/main/windows/security/security_setSqlLocalSec.md" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title=""><code>security_setSqlLocalSec.md</code></a></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>



<p style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)">Wie überall in der IT sollte auch beim Sql Server nach dem <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principle_of_least_privilege" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="PoLP"><code>PoLP</code></a> gearbeitet werden, weshalb kein Service Account den lokalen Administrator bekommt.Damit SQL Server trotzdem fehlerfrei und performant läuft, benötigt der Service Account spezifische Rechte im Betriebssystem (&#8222;User Rights Assignment&#8220;). Wer dies ein paar mal manuell gemacht hat, wird sich sehr über diese Lösung freuen. Diese muss lokal auf dem jeweiligen Node ausgeführt werden.</p>


<div class="wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code "><pre class="brush: powershell; title: ; notranslate">
# ===== Set Engine Permissions for gMSA =====

    .\security_setSqlLocalSec.ps1 `
        -ServiceAccount &quot;g-LAB22A-oltp$&quot; `
        -ServiceType &quot;engine&quot; `
        -IsGMSA `
        -LogPath &quot;C:\Temp\LAB22A_Engine_$(Get-Date -Format &#039;yyyyMMdd_HHmmss&#039;).log&quot;

# ===== Set Agent Permissions for gMSA =====

    .\security_setSqlLocalSec.ps1 `
        -ServiceAccount &quot;g-LAB22A-agnt$&quot; `
        -ServiceType &quot;agent&quot; `
        -IsGMSA `
        -LogPath &quot;C:\Temp\LAB22A_Agent_$(Get-Date -Format &#039;yyyyMMdd_HHmmss&#039;).log&quot;
</pre></div>


<h3 class="wp-block-heading" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--70);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)">Verwendete Microsoft Cmdlets</h3>



<p style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)">Da PowerShell keine nativen Cmdlets besitzt, um lokale Sicherheitsrichtlinien (LSA) zu bearbeiten, wird das Windows-Tool <a href="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/secedit" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="secedit.exe"><code>secedit.exe</code></a> genutzt und der Export manipuliert.</p>



<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--70);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--70)"/>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)">Summary</h2>



<p style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)">Mit diesen vier Bausteinen wurde das Fundament für eine Sql Server Installation gelegt. Es wurde nicht nur eine Installation durchgeführt, sondern eine valide, dokumentierte Konfiguration geschaffen, die Identität (gMSA), Netzwerk (DNS/SPN) und OS-Performance (LSA) berücksichtigt. Im nächsten Schritt kann die eigentliche SQL Server Instanz installiert werden.</p>



<p>Schaut euch auch die verlinkten MD-Files an, dort stehen Hintergrundinfos zu den Best Practices und weiterführende Artikel von Microsoft</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image aligncenter size-full" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60)"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="307" height="328" src="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/emotes_2.png" alt="good to know emote" class="wp-image-345" srcset="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/emotes_2.png 307w, https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/emotes_2-281x300.png 281w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 307px) 100vw, 307px" /></figure><p>The post <a href="https://dbavonnebenan.de/automate-sql-server-ha-ad-spn-and-cluster-setup_de/">SQL Server HA: AD, SPN und Cluster Setup automatisieren</a> first appeared on <a href="https://dbavonnebenan.de">DBA von Nebenan</a>.</p>]]></content:encoded>
					
					<wfw:commentRss>https://dbavonnebenan.de/automate-sql-server-ha-ad-spn-and-cluster-setup_de/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>psTerminalPerfCounter – SpeedUp your Performance Counters in Terminal</title>
		<link>https://dbavonnebenan.de/psterminalperfcounter-speedup-your-performance-counters_en/</link>
					<comments>https://dbavonnebenan.de/psterminalperfcounter-speedup-your-performance-counters_en/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Gabriel]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 26 Jul 2025 16:07:18 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[PowerShell]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[counter]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[eng]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[PERFORMANCE]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[TERMINAL]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://dbavonnebenan.de/?p=618</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Visualize Windows Performance Counters directly in terminal with psTerminalPerfCounter. Language-independent templates, maximum customization. Perfect for quick AdHoc monitoring.</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://dbavonnebenan.de/psterminalperfcounter-speedup-your-performance-counters_en/">psTerminalPerfCounter – SpeedUp your Performance Counters in Terminal</a> first appeared on <a href="https://dbavonnebenan.de">DBA von Nebenan</a>.</p>]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Current Release ( 2025-10-11 )</h2>



<div style="height:13px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>


https://www.powershellgallery.com/packages/psTerminalPerfCounter/0.2.0


<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li><a href="https://github.com/gabrielkoehl/psTerminalPerfCounter/blob/main/CHANGELOG.md" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Changelog ">Changelog</a></li>



<li><a href="https://github.com/gabrielkoehl/psTerminalPerfCounter/tree/main?tab=readme-ov-file#documentation" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Documentation">Documentation</a></li>
</ul>



<div style="height:27px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" style="margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)">Intro</h2>



<p>Windows Performance Counters are absolutely powerful, but when I need something quick or monitoring tailored to a specific problem, I get frustrated fast. Usually I fall back on other options &#8211; PowerShell native Get-Counter, CIM, or existing monitoring solutions at my clients. But that&#8217;s never truly ad-hoc either, and I&#8217;ve accepted it.</p>



<p>Recently I had the chance to join Uwe Ricken&#8217;s Performance Tuning Workshop at DataSaturday, and he clearly named Performance Counters as a must-have in every DBA&#8217;s toolkit. What I didn&#8217;t know until then: SQL Server creates individual counters like <strong>Compile/sec</strong>, <strong>AdHoc Queries/sec</strong>, etc.</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized is-style-default" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60)"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="500" height="54" src="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/mindblowing.png" alt="MINDBLOWING" class="wp-image-608" style="width:500px;height:auto" srcset="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/mindblowing.png 500w, https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/mindblowing-300x32.png 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px" /></figure>



<p>The possibilities to visualize dependencies directly &#8211; endless. But how long should I sit there configuring that in Windows Performance Monitor, especially ad-hoc at a client site?</p>



<p>Uwe showed the capabilities in Windows Admin Center, which enables templates you can use flexibly across servers. For systems or environments where Admin Center is used strategically, definitely a great choice.<br>But two problems remain: As a consultant, I can&#8217;t install software at every client, and if Admin Center happens to be running, my English templates fail on German systems.</p>



<p>Still, I was so incredibly hooked by the template idea and the SQL Server possibilities that 4 weeks of after-work crunchtime were spinning in my head. So let me introduce my first module in the PowerShell Gallery:</p>



<p style="margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)"><strong>psTerminalPerfCounter 0.1.0-preview</strong> A PowerShell module for displaying real-time graphs of Windows Performance Counters directly in the terminal console. This module provides an easy way to visualize system performance metrics without requiring external graphing tools or GUI applications by using templates and multilanguage support.</p>


https://www.powershellgallery.com/packages/psTerminalPerfCounter/0.1.0-preview


<p style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)">You&#8217;ll find all technical details and development status in the repository &#8211; I just want to show the different possibilities here.</p>



<div style="height:30px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)">Main Features</h2>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)">100% PowerShell</h3>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>no external dependencies</li>
</ul>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)">Terminal Graphics</h3>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>obviously it&#8217;s not a real engine, the more counters the choppier it gets, but it&#8217;s sufficient</li>



<li>The foundation comes from <a href="https://github.com/PrateekKumarSingh/Graphical" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="">Prateek Singh</a> solution. Without finding this, I would have had to solve this problem first, for which I probably wouldn&#8217;t have had time. THANKS!!!</li>
</ul>



<figure class="wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="632" height="757" src="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/perfcounter_example_cpu.png" alt="" class="wp-image-609" style="width:383px;height:auto" srcset="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/perfcounter_example_cpu.png 632w, https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/perfcounter_example_cpu-250x300.png 250w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 632px) 100vw, 632px" /></figure>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)">Configuration Templates</h3>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>every output element is controlled via configuration files</li>



<li>flexible, portable</li>
</ul>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)">Data Output Customization</h3>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>each counter in the configuration file can use its own output
<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Table, Graph, or Both</li>
</ul>
</li>



<li>arbitrary axis scaling in steps and max values</li>



<li>arbitrary value coloring based on user-defined ColorMap per counter</li>



<li>value conversion via configuration file (Byte -&gt; KB -&gt; MB -&gt; GB)</li>
</ul>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)">Language Independent</h3>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>configuration files are based on counter IDs, not paths 
<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>portable, regardless of system language translation from ID to counter path happens at runtime </li>



<li>no external dependencies</li>
</ul>
</li>



<li>I had no idea this was possible with Windows built-in tools. Here too I stumbled across a blog at <a href="https://powershell.one/tricks/performance/performance-counters" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="">PowerShell.ONE</a> by chance. Again, a big THANKS!!! My original solution had multiple language variants (DE, EN, FR, ES) which would be set by reading system locale.</li>
</ul>



<div style="height:30px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)">Demo with CPU Configuration</h2>


<div class="wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code "><pre class="brush: powershell; title: ; notranslate">
# Install module with required dependency (GripDevJsonSchemaValidator)
Install-Module -Name psTerminalPerfCounter -AllowPrerelease

# Import the module
Import-Module psTerminalPerfCounter

# Start Default Cpu Configuration
Start-tpcMonitor -ConfigName CPU
</pre></div>


<div class="wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-51c0b34d wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex" style="padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)">
<div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:66.66%">
<figure class="wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="552" height="110" src="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/perfcounter_load.png" alt="" class="wp-image-610" style="width:622px;height:auto" srcset="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/perfcounter_load.png 552w, https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/perfcounter_load-300x60.png 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 552px) 100vw, 552px" /></figure>
</div>



<div class="wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:33.33%">
<p>When loading the configuration, counter IDs are translated to counter paths and tested</p>
</div>
</div>



<div class="wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-0884d4d2 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)">
<div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:66.66%">
<figure class="wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="613" height="155" src="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/perfcounter_sample.png" alt="" class="wp-image-611" style="width:629px;height:auto" srcset="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/perfcounter_sample.png 613w, https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/perfcounter_sample-300x76.png 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 613px) 100vw, 613px" /></figure>
</div>



<div class="wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:33.33%">
<p>If successful, the first samples are collected so a graph can be displayed</p>
</div>
</div>



<div class="wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-e242d015 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex" style="padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-right:0;padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-left:0">
<div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:66.66%">
<figure class="wp-block-image aligncenter size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="767" height="774" src="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/perfcounter_run.png" alt="" class="wp-image-612" srcset="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/perfcounter_run.png 767w, https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/perfcounter_run-297x300.png 297w, https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/perfcounter_run-150x150.png 150w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 767px) 100vw, 767px" /></figure>
</div>



<div class="wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:33.33%">
<p>Thats IT! </p>



<p>Within 10 seconds, 2 Performance Counters running, no installation, no language issues.</p>
</div>
</div>



<div style="height:30px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)">Demo Counter Translation</h2>


<div class="wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code "><pre class="brush: powershell; title: ; notranslate">
# Translate ID -&gt; Path
Get-tpcPerformanceCounterInfo 238-6
</pre></div>


<figure class="wp-block-image aligncenter size-full" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="711" height="148" src="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/perfmon_translate_id.png" alt="" class="wp-image-613" srcset="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/perfmon_translate_id.png 711w, https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/perfmon_translate_id-300x62.png 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 711px) 100vw, 711px" /></figure>


<div class="wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code "><pre class="brush: powershell; title: ; notranslate">
# Search Counter -&gt; Including ID
Get-tpcPerformanceCounterInfo &quot;Queue&quot;
</pre></div>


<figure class="wp-block-image aligncenter size-full" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:0"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1013" height="600" src="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/perfmon_translate_search1.png" alt="" class="wp-image-614" srcset="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/perfmon_translate_search1.png 1013w, https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/perfmon_translate_search1-300x178.png 300w, https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/perfmon_translate_search1-768x455.png 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1013px) 100vw, 1013px" /></figure>



<p class="has-contrast-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-dedb5f3a2a3a9c6525f87d44e77731d7" style="margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)"><em>Output is heavily truncated since the ResultSet is enormous</em></p>


<div class="wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code "><pre class="brush: powershell; title: ; notranslate">
# Search Counter -&gt; Including ID
Get-tpcPerformanceCounterInfo &quot;Processor Queue&quot;
</pre></div>


<figure class="wp-block-image aligncenter size-full" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="675" height="79" src="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/perfmon_translate_search2.png" alt="" class="wp-image-615" srcset="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/perfmon_translate_search2.png 675w, https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/perfmon_translate_search2-300x35.png 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 675px) 100vw, 675px" /></figure>



<div style="height:30px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)"><strong>What&#8217;s next?</strong></h2>



<p>The foundation works, the planned feature list is long, and what I really need for SQL Server is still far off. I hope I haven&#8217;t solved a problem that doesn&#8217;t exist, but this module simply addresses all the issues I&#8217;ve always had with Performance Counters, as mentioned above.</p>



<p>Furthermore, this is my first larger project that I&#8217;m developing publicly, so GitHub might not always meet expected standards. I&#8217;m always happy about feedback and suggestions.</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="246" height="470" src="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/emotes_standing_1.png" alt="happy" class="wp-image-330" style="width:125px;height:auto" srcset="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/emotes_standing_1.png 246w, https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/emotes_standing_1-157x300.png 157w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 246px) 100vw, 246px" /></figure>


https://github.com/gabrielkoehl/psTerminalPerfCounter<p>The post <a href="https://dbavonnebenan.de/psterminalperfcounter-speedup-your-performance-counters_en/">psTerminalPerfCounter – SpeedUp your Performance Counters in Terminal</a> first appeared on <a href="https://dbavonnebenan.de">DBA von Nebenan</a>.</p>]]></content:encoded>
					
					<wfw:commentRss>https://dbavonnebenan.de/psterminalperfcounter-speedup-your-performance-counters_en/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>psTerminalPerfCounter &#8211; SpeedUp your Performance Counters in Terminal</title>
		<link>https://dbavonnebenan.de/psterminalperfcounter-speedup-your-performance-counters_de/</link>
					<comments>https://dbavonnebenan.de/psterminalperfcounter-speedup-your-performance-counters_de/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Gabriel]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 26 Jul 2025 15:53:33 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[PowerShell]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[CONSOLE]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[counter]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[DE]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[PERFORMANCE]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[TERMINAL]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://dbavonnebenan.de/?p=605</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Visualisiere Windows Performance Counter direkt im Terminal mit psTerminalPerfCounter. Sprachunabhängige Templates, maximale Anpassbarkeit. Perfekt für schnelles AdHoc-Monitoring.</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://dbavonnebenan.de/psterminalperfcounter-speedup-your-performance-counters_de/">psTerminalPerfCounter – SpeedUp your Performance Counters in Terminal</a> first appeared on <a href="https://dbavonnebenan.de">DBA von Nebenan</a>.</p>]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Current Release ( 2025-10-11 )</h2>



<div style="height:13px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>


https://www.powershellgallery.com/packages/psTerminalPerfCounter/0.2.0


<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li><a href="https://github.com/gabrielkoehl/psTerminalPerfCounter/blob/main/CHANGELOG.md" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Changelog ">Changelog</a></li>



<li><a href="https://github.com/gabrielkoehl/psTerminalPerfCounter/tree/main?tab=readme-ov-file#documentation" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Documentation">Documentation</a></li>
</ul>



<div style="height:13px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" style="margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)">Intro</h2>



<p>Die Windows Performance Counter sind absolut mächtig, aber wenn es mal schnell gehen muss oder ich genau passend zu einem Problem ein Monitoring benötige, bin ich schnell genervt. Meistens nutze ich dann doch andere Möglichkeiten, PowerShell Native Get-Counter, CIM oder greife auf vorhandene Monitoring-Lösungen bei meinen Kunden zurück. Aber auch das geht nie AdHoc aber ich habe es akzeptiert.</p>



<p>Nun habe ich beim letzten DataSaturday Uwe Ricken beim Performance Tuning Workshop begleiten dürfen und auch er hat die Performance Counter noch mal klar als Musthave im Werkzeugkoffer eines jeden DBA benannt. Was mir bis dahin nicht bewusst war: SQL Server legt individuelle Counter wie <strong>Compile/sec</strong>, <strong>AdHoc Queries/sec</strong> usw. an.</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized is-style-default" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60)"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="500" height="54" src="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/mindblowing.png" alt="MINDBLOWING" class="wp-image-608" style="width:500px;height:auto" srcset="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/mindblowing.png 500w, https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/mindblowing-300x32.png 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px" /></figure>



<p>Die Möglichkeiten, Abhängigkeiten direkt zu visualisieren &#8211; endlos. Aber wie lange soll ich da sitzen, bis ich das im Windows Performance Monitor abgebildet habe, am besten Adhoc bei einem Kunden? </p>



<p>Uwe zeigte die Möglichkeiten im <strong>Windows Admin Center</strong> auf, welches Templates ermöglicht, die man flexibel auf Servern nutzen kann. Für System oder Umgebungen, in denen das Admin Center strategisch genutzt wird, definitiv eine sehr gut Wahl.</p>



<p>Aber zwei Probleme bleiben: Als Berater kann ich nicht bei jedem Kunden erst Software installieren und wenn das Admin Center doch läuft, scheitern meine englischen Templates an deutschen Systemen.</p>



<p style="margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)">Nun war ich trotzdem so unglaublich angefixt von der Template-Idee und den Sql Server Möglichkeiten, dass nach Feierabend 4 Wochen Crunchtime im Kopf waren. Somit möchte ich euch an dieser Stelle mein erstes Modul in der PowerShell Gallery vorstellen</p>


https://www.powershellgallery.com/packages/psTerminalPerfCounter/0.1.0-preview


<p style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)">Die technischen Details, Entwicklungsstand findet ihr alle im Repository, ich möchte hier einfach die verschiedenen Möglichkeiten zeigen.</p>



<div style="height:30px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)">Main Features</h2>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)">100% PowerShell</h3>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>keine externen Abhängigkeiten</li>
</ul>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)">Terminal-Grafiken</h3>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>natürlich ist es keine richtige Engine, je mehr Counter desto Hakeliger wird es, aber es reicht</li>



<li>Als Basis dient die Lösung von <a href="https://github.com/PrateekKumarSingh/Graphical" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="">Prateek Singh</a>. Ohne diesen Fund hätte ich wohl dieses Problem erst lösen müssen, wofür ich vermutlich keine Zeit gehabt hätte. DANKE!!!</li>
</ul>



<figure class="wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="632" height="757" src="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/perfcounter_example_cpu.png" alt="" class="wp-image-609" style="width:383px;height:auto" srcset="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/perfcounter_example_cpu.png 632w, https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/perfcounter_example_cpu-250x300.png 250w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 632px) 100vw, 632px" /></figure>



<p></p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)">Configuration Templates</h3>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>jedes Element der Ausgabe wird über Configuration Files gesteuert</li>



<li>flexibel, transportabel</li>
</ul>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)">Individualisierung der Datenausgaben </h3>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>für jeden Counter im Configuration-File kann eine eigene Ausgabe genutzt werden
<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Table, Graph oder Beide</li>
</ul>
</li>



<li>beliebige Skalierungen der Achsen in Steps und Max</li>



<li>beliebige Einfärbung der Values auf Basis einer benutzerdefinierten ColorMap per Counter</li>



<li>Konvertierung der Values per Configuration-File ( Byte -&gt; KB -&gt; MB -&gt; GB )</li>
</ul>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)">Sprachunabhängig</h3>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Configuration Files basieren nicht auf den Counter-Pfaden sondern IDs</li>



<li>immer noch transportabel, egal welche Systemsprache</li>



<li>Translation von ID zu Counterpfad erfolgt erst zur Laufzeit</li>
</ul>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>keine externen Abhängigkeiten</li>



<li>Ich wusste gar nicht, dass dies möglich ist mit Windows Bordmitteln. Auch hier bin ich durch Zufall über einen Blog gestolpert bei <a href="https://powershell.one/tricks/performance/performance-counters" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="">PowerShell.ONE</a>. Auch hier ein dickes DANKE!!! Meine eigentliche Lösung sah mehrere Sprachvarianten ( DE, EN, FR, ES) vor, welche dann per auslesen der Systemlokalen gesetzt wurden.</li>
</ul>



<div style="height:30px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)">Demo mit CPU Configuration</h2>


<div class="wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code "><pre class="brush: powershell; title: ; notranslate">
# Install module with required dependency (GripDevJsonSchemaValidator)
Install-Module -Name psTerminalPerfCounter -AllowPrerelease

# Import the module
Import-Module psTerminalPerfCounter

# Start Default Cpu Configuration
Start-tpcMonitor -ConfigName CPU
</pre></div>


<div class="wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-51c0b34d wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex" style="padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)">
<div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:66.66%">
<figure class="wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="552" height="110" src="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/perfcounter_load.png" alt="" class="wp-image-610" style="width:622px;height:auto" srcset="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/perfcounter_load.png 552w, https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/perfcounter_load-300x60.png 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 552px) 100vw, 552px" /></figure>
</div>



<div class="wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:33.33%">
<p>Beim Laden der Konfiguration werden die Counter IDs zu Counterpfaden übersetzt und getestet</p>
</div>
</div>



<div class="wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-0884d4d2 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)">
<div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:66.66%">
<figure class="wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="613" height="155" src="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/perfcounter_sample.png" alt="" class="wp-image-611" style="width:629px;height:auto" srcset="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/perfcounter_sample.png 613w, https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/perfcounter_sample-300x76.png 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 613px) 100vw, 613px" /></figure>
</div>



<div class="wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:33.33%">
<p>Wenn das erfolgreich war, werden die ersten Samples gesammelt, damit ein Graph angezeigt werden kann</p>
</div>
</div>



<div class="wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-e242d015 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex" style="padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-right:0;padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-left:0">
<div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:66.66%">
<figure class="wp-block-image aligncenter size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="767" height="774" src="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/perfcounter_run.png" alt="" class="wp-image-612" srcset="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/perfcounter_run.png 767w, https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/perfcounter_run-297x300.png 297w, https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/perfcounter_run-150x150.png 150w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 767px) 100vw, 767px" /></figure>
</div>



<div class="wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:33.33%">
<p>Thats IT! </p>



<p>Innerhalb von 10 Sekunden 2 Performance Counter am Laufen, ohne Installation, ohne Sprachprobleme.</p>
</div>
</div>



<div style="height:30px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)">Demo Counter Translation</h2>


<div class="wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code "><pre class="brush: powershell; title: ; notranslate">
# Translate ID -&gt; Path
Get-tpcPerformanceCounterInfo 238-6
</pre></div>


<figure class="wp-block-image aligncenter size-full" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="711" height="148" src="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/perfmon_translate_id.png" alt="" class="wp-image-613" srcset="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/perfmon_translate_id.png 711w, https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/perfmon_translate_id-300x62.png 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 711px) 100vw, 711px" /></figure>


<div class="wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code "><pre class="brush: powershell; title: ; notranslate">
# Search Counter -&gt; Including ID
Get-tpcPerformanceCounterInfo &quot;Queue&quot;
</pre></div>


<figure class="wp-block-image aligncenter size-full" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:0"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1013" height="600" src="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/perfmon_translate_search1.png" alt="" class="wp-image-614" srcset="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/perfmon_translate_search1.png 1013w, https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/perfmon_translate_search1-300x178.png 300w, https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/perfmon_translate_search1-768x455.png 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1013px) 100vw, 1013px" /></figure>



<p class="has-contrast-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-a85209788f442c1a4bfcffc9ae003cc8" style="margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)"><em>Die Ausgabe ist stark beschnitten, da das ResultSet enorm ist</em></p>


<div class="wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code "><pre class="brush: powershell; title: ; notranslate">
# Search Counter -&gt; Including ID
Get-tpcPerformanceCounterInfo &quot;Processor Queue&quot;
</pre></div>


<figure class="wp-block-image aligncenter size-full" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="675" height="79" src="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/perfmon_translate_search2.png" alt="" class="wp-image-615" srcset="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/perfmon_translate_search2.png 675w, https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/perfmon_translate_search2-300x35.png 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 675px) 100vw, 675px" /></figure>



<div style="height:30px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)">Wie geht&#8217;s weiter?</h2>



<p>Die Basis läuft, die planned Feature <a href="https://github.com/gabrielkoehl/psTerminalPerfCounter/blob/main/docs/en-US/DevelopmentStatus.MD" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="">Liste</a> ist lang und das, was ich wirklich brauche bezüglich Sql Server ist noch in weiter Ferne. Ich hoffe ich habe nicht ein Problem bedient, was es gar nicht gibt, aber dieses Modul adressiert einfach alle Probleme, die ich schon immer mit den Performance Countern hatte, siehe oben.</p>



<p>Weiterhin ist das mein erstes größeres Projekt, was ich Public entwickle, somit könnte Github nicht immer den erwarteten Standards entsprechen. Über Feedback und Hinweise freue ich mich immer.</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="246" height="470" src="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/emotes_standing_1.png" alt="happy" class="wp-image-330" style="width:125px;height:auto" srcset="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/emotes_standing_1.png 246w, https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/emotes_standing_1-157x300.png 157w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 246px) 100vw, 246px" /></figure>


https://github.com/gabrielkoehl/psTerminalPerfCounter<p>The post <a href="https://dbavonnebenan.de/psterminalperfcounter-speedup-your-performance-counters_de/">psTerminalPerfCounter – SpeedUp your Performance Counters in Terminal</a> first appeared on <a href="https://dbavonnebenan.de">DBA von Nebenan</a>.</p>]]></content:encoded>
					
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		<item>
		<title>Measuring SQL Server Disk Latency Correctly – snapDiskLatency</title>
		<link>https://dbavonnebenan.de/sql-server-disk-latency-en/</link>
					<comments>https://dbavonnebenan.de/sql-server-disk-latency-en/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Gabriel]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 17 Jul 2025 14:21:36 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Sql Server]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[TSql]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[diskio]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[DISKSPD]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[eng]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[latency]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[PERFORMANCE]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://dbavonnebenan.de/?p=579</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>How to get correct SQL Server Disk Latency values instead of falsified DMV data. Open Source snapDiskLatency solution for long-term analysis.</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://dbavonnebenan.de/sql-server-disk-latency-en/">Measuring SQL Server Disk Latency Correctly – snapDiskLatency</a> first appeared on <a href="https://dbavonnebenan.de">DBA von Nebenan</a>.</p>]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div style="border: 1px dotted #eb2b14; border-radius: 0%; background-color: #eeeeee; padding-top: var(--wp--preset--spacing--30); padding-left: var(--wp--preset--spacing--30); padding-right: var(--wp--preset--spacing--30); padding-bottom: var(--wp--preset--spacing--30); " class="ub-styled-box ub-bordered-box wp-block-ub-styled-box" id="ub-styled-box-ed9a98aa-0cd4-41e3-8f7e-56d29b672df9">
<p class="has-open-sauce-sans-font-family" style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0" id="ub-styled-box-bordered-content-">What&#8217;s available here?</p>



<ul style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0" class="wp-block-list has-open-sauce-sans-font-family">
<li><a href="#DISKSPD" title="">DISKSPD Templates and Wrapper</a></li>



<li><a href="#sqlfilestats" title="">How can I display the latencies of individual database files?</a></li>



<li><a href="#snapdisk" title="">Long-term analysis of latencies with snapDiskLatency</a></li>
</ul>


</div>


<div style="height:20px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>


https://github.com/gabrielkoehl/DBAScriptBox


<div style="height:20px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)">Intro</h2>



<p>Currently, I&#8217;m involved in a code review at a client. We&#8217;re examining not only the application but also all interfaces. This naturally includes the SQL Server landscape, which I set up at the beginning of the year.</p>



<div class="wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex">
<div class="wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:85%">
<p class="has-open-sauce-sans-font-family">The result was more findings in my direction than expected, and I immediately felt challenged. I was able to refute most of it, some topics were the client&#8217;s responsibility, and one topic caught my interest purely out of curiosity.</p>



<p class="has-text-align-center" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)"><strong>Read- and Write Latencies of TempDB</strong> ( and every other DB )</p>
</div>



<div class="wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:15%">
<figure class="wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="264" height="329" src="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/emote-4.png" alt="" class="wp-image-516" style="width:131px;height:auto" srcset="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/emote-4.png 264w, https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/emote-4-241x300.png 241w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 264px) 100vw, 264px" /></figure>
</div>
</div>



<div style="height:20px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)">Background</h2>



<p>The client doesn&#8217;t operate their own data center, so they&#8217;re dependent on the hoster, who unfortunately isn&#8217;t very communicative. Therefore, I had to get a picture of the totally overcommitted hardware through various other means and challenge the hoster. This was also the reason why I was quite precisely informed about what the hoster&#8217;s hosts and storage systems were capable of delivering.</p>



<p>That&#8217;s why I was very surprised that 32ms Write Latency was listed as a finding. No question, that&#8217;s a bad value for AllFlash NVMe, but it just stood there in the report without differentiation or deeper analysis. Just the statement &#8222;bad storage.&#8220; So I unpacked my tools, took another look at it, and also developed a new solution that I want to share with you.</p>



<div style="height:20px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="DISKSPD" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:0">DISKSPD</h2>



<p style="margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)"><em><strong>Repo</strong>: perf_diskspeed/DISKSPD</em><br><strong><em>Microsoft</em>:</strong> <a href="https://github.com/microsoft/diskspd" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="">https://github.com/microsoft/diskspd</a></p>



<p>With DISKSPD, you should always start on unknown systems; often a large portion of problems is hidden here. At this client, for example, a DB with high workload was running on spindles, with latencies in the .2 percentile of 15 seconds latency, plus 14MB throughput. I don&#8217;t need to worry about indexes etc. anymore.</p>



<p>To quickly get results, I built a wrapper for DISKSPD that always executes 3 standard tests:</p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>SQL Server Workload</li>



<li>Random 64KB Workload</li>



<li>Sequential 64KB Workload</li>
</ul>



<p>The files are stored separately in the _Output subfolder and thus provide quite good hints about storage problems. Now these were, as expected, great values that correspond to NVMe storage. So let&#8217;s continue to SQL Server and see what it tells us. welche NVMe Storage entsprechen. Also weiter zu Sql Server und wir schauen mal was uns dieser so sagt.</p>



<div style="height:20px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="sqlfilestats" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)">sys.dm_io_virtual_file_stats</h2>



<p>SQL Server provides a view where all file metrics are cleanly listed.</p>


<div class="wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code "><pre class="brush: sql; title: ; notranslate">
select * from sys.dm_io_virtual_file_stats(null,null)
</pre></div>


<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li><a href="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/relational-databases/system-dynamic-management-views/sys-dm-io-virtual-file-stats-transact-sql?view=sql-server-ver17">Microsoft Learn</a></li>
</ul>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-full" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1117" height="458" src="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/disklat_dmv.png" alt="sys.dm_io_virtual_file_stats" class="wp-image-569" srcset="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/disklat_dmv.png 1117w, https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/disklat_dmv-300x123.png 300w, https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/disklat_dmv-1024x420.png 1024w, https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/disklat_dmv-768x315.png 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1117px) 100vw, 1117px" /></figure>



<p>Based on this, I built an analysis script that gives me more info and I can also draw further conclusions like ReadWrite Ratio, probable IOPS based on the number of operations, and also quantities. This allows you to build storage systems quite well for specific workloads.</p>



<div class="wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex">
<div class="wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:80%">
<p>And this value also showed me 32ms Write Latency of the TempDB. Then I started wondering, how does this value even arise?</p>
</div>



<div class="wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:20%">
<figure class="wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="261" height="323" src="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/emotes_question.png" alt="Question" class="wp-image-575" style="width:125px;height:auto" srcset="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/emotes_question.png 261w, https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/emotes_question-242x300.png 242w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 261px) 100vw, 261px" /></figure>
</div>
</div>



<div style="height:20px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)">Basic Calculation</h3>



<p>SQL Server measures I/O latency through simple division of cumulative wait times by the number of operations:</p>


<div class="wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code "><pre class="brush: sql; title: ; notranslate">
-- Read Latency in ms
io_stall_read_ms / num_of_reads = durchschnittliche Read-Latenz

-- Write Latency in ms  
io_stall_write_ms / num_of_writes = durchschnittliche Write-Latenz
</pre></div>


<div style="height:20px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>



<p>That&#8217;s it!!! And now it should be clear that the point-in-time use of this DMV is not really meaningful, on the contrary. The values can, as with the review company that specializes in such processes, lead to false conclusions and action recommendations. Scary.</p>



<p>If the storage system had a hard hiccup since the start of SQL Server, the metrics are contaminated. According to my research, you can&#8217;t flush these, only by taking the DB offline, which I usually avoid in productive environments.</p>



<p>After a few more rounds in my head, the solution came quite quickly. These are all snapshot values, I just need the delta between two values and I have real values. And I can also put the whole thing in a time series and have a long-term analysis. Mindblowing <img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/1f61d.png" alt="😝" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /></p>



<p>Google also quickly showed corresponding solutions that I used as a base idea. Thanks to Paul Randal ( <a href="https://www.sqlskills.com/blogs/paul/capturing-io-latencies-period-time/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="">sqlskills.com</a> )</p>



<p>For analyzing a complete week, this is also not suitable. So I extended the whole thing to a long-term analysis with persistent table.</p>



<div style="height:20px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="snapdisk" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:0">The Solution &#8211;&gt; snapDiskLatency</h2>



<p><em><strong>Repo</strong>: </em>perf_diskspeed/snapDiskLatency</p>



<div style="height:20px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)">What does snapDiskLatency do?</h3>



<p>The problem is well-known &#8211; the standard DMV <code>sys.dm_io_virtual_file_stats</code> shows cumulative values since SQL Server startup. One single storage hiccup weeks ago and the latency values are no longer representative.</p>



<p>This solves the problem with two simple stored procedures:</p>



<p>The first collects the raw data from the DMV hourly and writes it to a permanent table. Why hourly? Shorter intervals lead to unreliable delta calculations &#8211; too little I/O between snapshots makes the values inaccurate. However, this can be individually adjusted since the agent triggers the procedure.</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-full" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1360" height="382" src="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/disklat_raw.png" alt="snapDiskLatency collect" class="wp-image-567" srcset="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/disklat_raw.png 1360w, https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/disklat_raw-300x84.png 300w, https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/disklat_raw-1024x288.png 1024w, https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/disklat_raw-768x216.png 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1360px) 100vw, 1360px" /></figure>



<p>The second does the delta calculations between snapshots and creates the result. Thus, real latency values are generated for defined time periods, without historical hiccups, which can then be compared with other metrics.</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-full" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1298" height="326" src="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/disklat_report-2.png" alt="snapDiskLatency report" class="wp-image-571" srcset="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/disklat_report-2.png 1298w, https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/disklat_report-2-300x75.png 300w, https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/disklat_report-2-1024x257.png 1024w, https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/disklat_report-2-768x193.png 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1298px) 100vw, 1298px" /></figure>



<p>Here we see, for example, in the <a href="https://dbavonnebenan.de/sql-server-truncate-vs-delete-dml-or-ddl-en/" title="TRUNCATE TABLE – DDL vs DML – deep dive in operations and practical tips">TRUNCATE TABLE</a> an outlier (NVMe is also underlying here). On the LAB system there&#8217;s no load, DOXIS is just a table with 2 columns and was artificially worked with workload.<br></p>



<div style="height:20px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)"><strong>The Result</strong></h3>



<p>Instead of possibly contaminated values:</p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Average latencies per interval</li>



<li>Read/Write ratios</li>



<li>Breakdown by database and file type</li>
</ul>



<div style="height:20px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)"><strong>Setup</strong></h3>



<p>Create Agent Job, run hourly, done. The complete instructions are in the README, copy &amp; paste &amp; enjoy</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="246" height="470" src="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/emotes_standing_1.png" alt="happy" class="wp-image-330" style="width:125px;height:auto" srcset="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/emotes_standing_1.png 246w, https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/emotes_standing_1-157x300.png 157w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 246px) 100vw, 246px" /></figure>



<div style="height:20px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)">Diagrams</h2>



<p>Since every good proprietary database monitoring tool does this and presents it graphically, I want to at least show one possibility in Excel in the result. For this, the result of the DataSource or Copy must be pivoted and you can easily recognize your daily peaks.</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-full" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1617" height="604" src="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/disklat_graph.png" alt="" class="wp-image-572" srcset="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/disklat_graph.png 1617w, https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/disklat_graph-300x112.png 300w, https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/disklat_graph-1024x382.png 1024w, https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/disklat_graph-768x287.png 768w, https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/disklat_graph-1536x574.png 1536w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1617px) 100vw, 1617px" /></figure><p>The post <a href="https://dbavonnebenan.de/sql-server-disk-latency-en/">Measuring SQL Server Disk Latency Correctly – snapDiskLatency</a> first appeared on <a href="https://dbavonnebenan.de">DBA von Nebenan</a>.</p>]]></content:encoded>
					
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			</item>
		<item>
		<title>SQL Server Disk Latency richtig messen &#8211; snapDiskLatency</title>
		<link>https://dbavonnebenan.de/sql-server-disk-latency-de/</link>
					<comments>https://dbavonnebenan.de/sql-server-disk-latency-de/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Gabriel]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 17 Jul 2025 14:06:35 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Sql Server]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[TSql]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[DE]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[diskio]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[DISKSPD]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[latency]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[PERFORMANCE]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://dbavonnebenan.de/?p=563</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Wie du richtige SQL Server Disk Latency Werte erhältst statt verfälschter DMV-Daten. Open Source snapDiskLatency Lösung für Langzeitanalyse.</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://dbavonnebenan.de/sql-server-disk-latency-de/">SQL Server Disk Latency richtig messen – snapDiskLatency</a> first appeared on <a href="https://dbavonnebenan.de">DBA von Nebenan</a>.</p>]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div style="border: 1px dotted #eb2b14; border-radius: 0%; background-color: #eeeeee; padding-top: var(--wp--preset--spacing--30); padding-left: var(--wp--preset--spacing--30); padding-right: var(--wp--preset--spacing--30); padding-bottom: var(--wp--preset--spacing--30); " class="ub-styled-box ub-bordered-box wp-block-ub-styled-box" id="ub-styled-box-ba0a6049-a2c1-44fc-b531-47f63f78c8b4">
<p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0" id="ub-styled-box-bordered-content-">Was erwartet dich hier?</p>



<ul style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0" class="wp-block-list">
<li><a href="#DISKSPD" title="DISKSPD Templates und Wrapper">DISKSPD Templates und Wrapper</a></li>



<li><a href="#sqlfilestats" title="">Wie kann ich die Latenzen der einzelnen Datenbank Files anzeigen lassen?</a></li>



<li><a href="#snapdisk" title="Langzeit Analyse der Latenzen!!!">Langzeit Analyse der Latenzen!!!</a></li>
</ul>


</div>


<div style="height:20px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>


https://github.com/gabrielkoehl/DBAScriptBox


<div style="height:20px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)">Intro</h2>



<p>Aktuell bin ich bei einem Kunden an einem Code Review beteiligt. Dabei beleuchten wir neben der Applikation auch alle Schnittstellen.. Dazu gehört natürlich auch die Sql Server Landschaft, welche ich Anfang des Jahres aufgesetzt habe.</p>



<div class="wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex">
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<p>Das Ergebnis waren doch mehr Findings in meine Richtung als erwartet und ich fühlte mich sofort gechallenged. Das Meiste konnte ich widerlegen, bei einigen Themen war der Kunde in der Pflicht und ein Thema hat mich rein interessenhalber gepackt.</p>



<p class="has-text-align-center" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)"><strong>Read- und Write Latenzen der TempDB</strong> ( und jeder anderen DB )</p>
</div>



<div class="wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:15%">
<figure class="wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="264" height="329" src="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/emote-4.png" alt="" class="wp-image-516" style="width:131px;height:auto" srcset="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/emote-4.png 264w, https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/emote-4-241x300.png 241w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 264px) 100vw, 264px" /></figure>
</div>
</div>



<div style="height:20px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)">Vorgeschichte</h2>



<p>Der Kunde betreibt kein eigenes Rechenzentrum, ist somit vom Hoster abhängig, welcher leider nicht sehr kommunikativ ist. Somit musste ich mir auf diverse andere Wege ein Bild von der total overcommitteten Hardware machen und den Hoster Challengen. Dies war auch der Grund, warum ich ziemlich genau im Bilde war, was die Hosts und Storage Systeme des Hosters im Stande waren zu leisten.</p>



<p>Deshalb hat es mich doch sehr gewundert, dass als Finding 32ms Write Latency aufgeführt waren. Keine Frage, das ist ein schlechter Wert für AllFlash NVMe aber der stand da einfach so im Report, ohne Differenzierung oder tiefere Analysen. Nur die Aussage schlechter Storage. Also habe ich meine Werkzeuge ausgepackt, mir das noch mal angeschaut und auch eine neue Lösung entwickelt, die ich mit euch teilen möchte.</p>



<div style="height:20px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="DISKSPD" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:0">DISKSPD</h2>



<p style="margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)"><em><strong>Repo</strong>: perf_diskspeed/DISKSPD</em><br><strong><em>Microsoft</em>:</strong> <a href="https://github.com/microsoft/diskspd">https://github.com/microsoft/diskspd</a></p>



<p>Mit DISKSPD sollte man auf unbekannten Systemen immer anfangen, oft liegt hier schon ein großer Anteil an Problemen versteckt. Bei diesem Kudnen lief zum Beispiel eine DB mit hohem Workload auf Spindeln, mit Latenzen in der .2 Perzentile mit 15 Sekunden Latenz, dazu 14MB Durchsatz. Da brauche ich mir um Indexe usw. keine Gedanken mehr machen.</p>



<p>Um schnell an Ergebnisse zu kommen, habe ich mir einen Wrapper für DISKSP gebaut, welcher immer 3 Standardtests ausführt</p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Sql Server Workload</li>



<li>Random 64KB Workload</li>



<li>Sequenziell 64KB Workload</li>
</ul>



<p>Die Dateien werden separat im Unterordner _Output gespeichert und ermöglichen somit recht gute Hinweise auf Storage-Probleme. Nun waren das wie erwartet super Werte, welche NVMe Storage entsprechen. Also weiter zu Sql Server und wir schauen mal was uns dieser so sagt.</p>



<div style="height:20px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="sqlfilestats" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)">sys.dm_io_virtual_file_stats</h2>



<p>Sql Server bietet eine View, in der alle Metriken der Files sauber aufgelistet werden.</p>


<div class="wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code "><pre class="brush: sql; title: ; notranslate">
select * from sys.dm_io_virtual_file_stats(null,null)
</pre></div>


<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li><a href="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/relational-databases/system-dynamic-management-views/sys-dm-io-virtual-file-stats-transact-sql?view=sql-server-ver17" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="">microsoft.com</a></li>
</ul>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-full" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1117" height="458" src="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/disklat_dmv.png" alt="sys.dm_io_virtual_file_stats" class="wp-image-569" srcset="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/disklat_dmv.png 1117w, https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/disklat_dmv-300x123.png 300w, https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/disklat_dmv-1024x420.png 1024w, https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/disklat_dmv-768x315.png 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1117px) 100vw, 1117px" /></figure>



<p>Darauf basierend habe ich ein Analyse Script gebaut, welches mir mehr Infos gibt und ich auch weitere Rückschlüsse wie ReadWrite Ratio, wahrscheinliche IOPS auf Basis der Anzahl der Vorgänge und auch Mengen. Damit kann man schon ganz gut Storage Systeme zu speziellen Workloads aufbauen.</p>



<div class="wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex">
<div class="wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:80%">
<p>Und auch dieser Wert hat mir 32ms Write Latency der TempDB angezeigt. Dann habe ich angefangen mich zu fragen, wie entstehet dieser Wert überhaupt? </p>
</div>



<div class="wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:20%">
<figure class="wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="261" height="323" src="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/emotes_question.png" alt="Question" class="wp-image-575" style="width:125px;height:auto" srcset="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/emotes_question.png 261w, https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/emotes_question-242x300.png 242w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 261px) 100vw, 261px" /></figure>
</div>
</div>



<div style="height:20px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)">Grundlegende Berechnung der Werte</h3>



<p>SQL Server misst I/O-Latenz durch einfache Division der kumulativen Wartezeiten durch die Anzahl der Operationen:</p>


<div class="wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code "><pre class="brush: sql; title: ; notranslate">
-- Read Latency in ms
io_stall_read_ms / num_of_reads = durchschnittliche Read-Latenz

-- Write Latency in ms  
io_stall_write_ms / num_of_writes = durchschnittliche Write-Latenz
</pre></div>


<div style="height:20px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>



<p>Thats it!!! Und nun sollte klar sein, dass die punktuelle Nutzung dieser DMV nicht wirklich aussagekräftig ist, im Gegenteil. Die Werte können wie bei dem Review Unternehmen, was sich auf solche Prozesse spezialisiert hat, zu falschen Rückschlüssen und Handlungsempfehlungen führen. Gruselig.</p>



<p>Wenn das Storagesystem seit dem Start von Sql Server mal hart Schluckauf hatte, sind die Metriken verunreiningt. Laut meinen Recherchen kann man diese nicht flushen, nur durch das Offline nehmen der DB, was ich üblicherweise in produktiven Umgebungen vermeide.</p>



<p>Nach ein paar weiteren Runden in meinem Kopf kam recht schnell die Lösung. Das sind alles SnapShot Values, ich brauche ja nur das Delta zwischen zwei Werten und schon habe ich reale Werte. Und das Ganze kann ich auch noch in eine Zeitreihe packen und habe eine Langzeitanalyse.  Mindblowing <img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/1f61d.png" alt="😝" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /></p>



<p>Google hat auch schnell entsprechende Lösungen aufgezeigt, die ich als Basis Idee genutzt habe. Danke an Paul Randal ( <a href="https://www.sqlskills.com/blogs/paul/capturing-io-latencies-period-time/">sqlskills.com</a> )</p>



<p>Für die Analyse einer kompletten Woche ist dies aber auch nicht geeignet. Somit habe ich das Ganze auf eine Langzeitanalyse mit persistenten Table erweitert.</p>



<div style="height:20px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="snapdisk" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:0">Die Lösung &#8211;&gt; snapDiskLatency</h2>



<p><em><strong>Repo</strong>: </em>perf_diskspeed/snapDiskLatency</p>



<div style="height:20px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)">Was macht snapDiskLatency?</h3>



<p>Das Problem ist bekannt &#8211; die Standard-DMV <code>sys.dm_io_virtual_file_stats</code> zeigt kumulative Werte seit dem SQL Server Start. Ein einziger Storage-Schluckauf vor Wochen und die Latenzwerte sind nicht mehr repräsentativ. </p>



<p><strong>snapDiskLatency</strong> löst das Problem mit zwei simplen Stored Procedures:</p>



<p>Die Erste sammelt stündlich die Rohdaten aus der DMV und schreibt sie in einen permanenten Table. Warum stündlich? Kürzere Intervalle führen zu unzuverlässigen Delta-Berechnungen &#8211; zu wenig I/O zwischen den Snapshots macht die Werte ungenau. Dies kann aber individuell angepasst werden, da der Agent die Prozedur triggert.</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-full" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1360" height="382" src="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/disklat_raw.png" alt="snapDiskLatency collect" class="wp-image-567" srcset="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/disklat_raw.png 1360w, https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/disklat_raw-300x84.png 300w, https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/disklat_raw-1024x288.png 1024w, https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/disklat_raw-768x216.png 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1360px) 100vw, 1360px" /></figure>



<p>Die Zweite macht die Delta-Berechnungen zwischen den Snapshots und erstellt das Resultset. Somit werden reale Latenzwerte für definierte Zeiträume erzeugt, ohne historischen Schluckauf, welche dann mit anderen Metriken abgeglichen werden können.</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-full" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1298" height="326" src="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/disklat_report-2.png" alt="snapDiskLatency report" class="wp-image-571" srcset="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/disklat_report-2.png 1298w, https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/disklat_report-2-300x75.png 300w, https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/disklat_report-2-1024x257.png 1024w, https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/disklat_report-2-768x193.png 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1298px) 100vw, 1298px" /></figure>



<p>Hier sehen wir zum Beispiel im <a href="https://dbavonnebenan.de/sql-server-truncate-vs-delete-dml-or-ddl-de/" title="TRUNCATE TABLE Operationen im Detail – ROLLBACK ist doch möglich">TRUNCATE Table</a> einen Aureißer ( hier liegt auch NVMe drunter ). Auf dem LAB System ist keine Last, DOXIS ist nur ein Table mit 2 Spalten und wurde künstlich mit Workload bearbeitet.</p>



<div style="height:20px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)"><strong>Das Ergebnis</strong></h3>



<p>Statt möglicherweise verunreinigten Werten</p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Durchschnittliche Latenzen pro Intervall</li>



<li>Read/Write-Verhältnisse</li>



<li>Aufschlüsselung nach Datenbank und File-Type</li>
</ul>



<div style="height:20px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)"><strong>Setup</strong></h3>



<p>Agent Job erstellen, stündlich laufen lassen, fertig. Die komplette Anleitung steht in der README, copy &amp; paste &amp; freuen</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="246" height="470" src="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/emotes_standing_1.png" alt="happy" class="wp-image-330" style="width:125px;height:auto" srcset="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/emotes_standing_1.png 246w, https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/emotes_standing_1-157x300.png 157w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 246px) 100vw, 246px" /></figure>



<div style="height:20px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)">Diagramme</h2>



<p>Da dies auch jedes gute propritäre DatabaseMonitoringTool macht und hübsch grafisch darstellt, will ich zumindest eine Möglichkeit in Excel im Ergebnis zeigen. Dazu muss das Ergebnis der DataSource oder Copy pivotiert werden und schon kann man gut seine Daily Peaks erkennen.</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-full" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1617" height="604" src="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/disklat_graph.png" alt="" class="wp-image-572" srcset="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/disklat_graph.png 1617w, https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/disklat_graph-300x112.png 300w, https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/disklat_graph-1024x382.png 1024w, https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/disklat_graph-768x287.png 768w, https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/disklat_graph-1536x574.png 1536w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1617px) 100vw, 1617px" /></figure><p>The post <a href="https://dbavonnebenan.de/sql-server-disk-latency-de/">SQL Server Disk Latency richtig messen – snapDiskLatency</a> first appeared on <a href="https://dbavonnebenan.de">DBA von Nebenan</a>.</p>]]></content:encoded>
					
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			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>PowerShell Classes for Beginners &#8211; Structured Code Instead of Function Chaos</title>
		<link>https://dbavonnebenan.de/powershell-classes-for-beginner-en/</link>
					<comments>https://dbavonnebenan.de/powershell-classes-for-beginner-en/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Gabriel]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 14 Jun 2025 18:36:58 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[PowerShell]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Classes]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[eng]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[oop]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[TUTORIAL]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://dbavonnebenan.de/?p=528</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Intro I&#8217;ve always used PowerShell following the same pattern, that&#8217;s roughly how my learning path followed the PowerShell Best Practices. I&#8217;ve been operating on these last two levels for quite a long time now, of course getting more efficient and generally my PowerShell knowledge became broader. During this development, however, I noticed a problem: I&#8217;m [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://dbavonnebenan.de/powershell-classes-for-beginner-en/">PowerShell Classes for Beginners – Structured Code Instead of Function Chaos</a> first appeared on <a href="https://dbavonnebenan.de">DBA von Nebenan</a>.</p>]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<h2 class="wp-block-heading" style="margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)">Intro</h2>



<p>I&#8217;ve always used PowerShell following the same pattern, that&#8217;s roughly how my learning path followed the PowerShell Best Practices.</p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Quick and Dirty one-liners in the console, nowadays Terminal</li>



<li>Gradually, those one-liners evolved into PowerShell scripts with better organized one-liners</li>



<li>Variables came along, then functions, reusability increased</li>



<li>Functions became modules, persistent data storage in JSON and technologically that was the end for a while</li>



<li>The last highlight was threading and runspaces</li>
</ul>



<p>I&#8217;ve been operating on these last two levels for quite a long time now, of course getting more efficient and generally my PowerShell knowledge became broader.</p>



<p>During this development, however, I noticed a problem: I&#8217;m a very organized person, at least in my professional environment 😉, and so should my code be, structured. I don&#8217;t think much of Clean Code, comments are just important at certain points, for me, for others, for my customers. Besides comments, structure is also important &#8211; what good do comments do me in a &#8218;bucket of chars&#8216;? I also love symmetrical code, yeah go ahead and laugh, but it immediately makes clear what&#8217;s a variable, what&#8217;s an assignment and what&#8217;s the value. When I see something like this&#8230;</p>



<div class="wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex">
<div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:66.66%"><div class="wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code "><pre class="brush: powershell; title: ; notranslate">
$userInfo = @{
   Name = $varSurename
   Address = $varStreet
   Data = $varRandomLongVar
}

$configSettings = @{
   ServerName = &#039;localhost&#039;
   Port = 5432
   Database = &#039;mydb&#039;
   Timeout = 30
}

$employee = @{
   Personal = @{
       FirstName = $varSurename
       LastName = &#039;Doe&#039;
       Street = $varStreet
   }
   Work = @{
       Department = &#039;IT&#039;
       Position = &#039;Developer&#039;
   }
}
</pre></div></div>



<div class="wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:33.33%">
<figure class="wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="264" height="329" src="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/emote-4.png" alt="" class="wp-image-516" style="width:229px;height:auto" srcset="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/emote-4.png 264w, https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/emote-4-241x300.png 241w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 264px) 100vw, 264px" /></figure>
</div>
</div>



<p style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)">… my insides turn outward 🤣 Maybe it&#8217;s also a disease. This is a normal writing style that&#8217;s considered clean, I know, but it should look like this …</p>



<div class="wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex">
<div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:66.66%"><div class="wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code "><pre class="brush: powershell; title: ; notranslate">
$userInfo = @{
   Name 	= $varSurename
   Address 	= $varStreet
   Data 	= $varRandomLongVar
}

$configSettings = @{
   ServerName 	= &#039;localhost&#039;
   Port 		= 5432
   Database 	= &#039;mydb&#039;
   Timeout 		= 30
}

$employee = @{
   Personal = @{
       FirstName 	= $varSurename
       LastName 	= &#039;Doe&#039;
       Street 		= $varStreet
   }
   Work 	= @{
       Department 	= &#039;IT&#039;
       Position 	= &#039;Developer&#039;
   }
}

$users = @(
   @{ Name = &#039;Alice&#039;; 		Role = &#039;Admin&#039; }
   @{ Name = $varSurename; 	Role = &#039;User&#039; }
)
</pre></div></div>



<div class="wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:33.33%">
<figure class="wp-block-image aligncenter size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="251" height="330" src="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/emote-5.png" alt="" class="wp-image-515" srcset="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/emote-5.png 251w, https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/emote-5-228x300.png 228w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 251px) 100vw, 251px" /></figure>
</div>
</div>



<p style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:0">Anyway, that&#8217;s not what this is about. It&#8217;s basically the case that structure and order gradually decrease in larger projects and classes play exactly into this topic. But why only now? Classes have existed since PowerShell 5.0.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--70);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)">AI Assisted Coding</h2>



<p>Of course I was an early adopter of all the AI chatbots and was amazed at what ChatGPT could already do 2 years ago. Of course the code, regardless of language, was unusable, but definitely useful for knowledge generation. As the quality progressed, the code got better and the solution approaches became more and more interesting.</p>



<p>At some point, classes started appearing in the suggestions and I consistently ignored them 😝. Through my C# journeys, I knew that classes are simply the standard, but you should fundamentally know what you want to do with them in the project to design them cleanly. And I didn&#8217;t want to make that effort.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--70);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)">The New Project</h2>



<p>It was time to adapt a 4-year-old solution to new requirements, as is sometimes the case. Since my knowledge doesn&#8217;t stand still either, after briefly skimming through the code, I decided:</p>



<p class="has-text-align-center" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)"><strong>I&#8217;M NOT TOUCHING THIS ANYMORE</strong>, <strong>THIS ALL HAS TO BE NEW!!</strong></p>



<p>Now I was in the relaxed position that everything was available for the solution:</p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Program flow chart</li>



<li>Function descriptions</li>



<li>Programmatic solution of the required functions at the lowest level</li>



<li>4 years of lessons learned</li>
</ul>



<p>So I only had to worry about orchestrating all the steps and decided to give classes a chance. In theory, this is namely the cleanest and most structured way to code.</p>



<p>The result hasn&#8217;t completely changed my way of coding, but it has sustainably changed it &#8211; but more on that later.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="powershell-classes-conclusion" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--70);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)">Conclusion After 5 Weeks in the Project</h2>



<div class="wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex">
<div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:50%">
<figure class="wp-block-image size-full has-custom-border"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="532" height="500" src="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/class-perfection.jpg" alt="I SAID PERFECTION" class="has-border-color has-contrast-border-color wp-image-518" style="border-width:1px" srcset="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/class-perfection.jpg 532w, https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/class-perfection-300x282.jpg 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 532px) 100vw, 532px" /></figure>
</div>



<div class="wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:50%">
<p>Classes in PowerShell are so incredibly simple, so structured, so beautiful❤️. Of course the use case has to fit, since the implementation initially requires more structure, but when that&#8217;s given, there will be no way around classes for me anymore.</p>
</div>
</div>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--70);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)">Why This Article, Aren&#8217;t There Enough Already?</h2>



<p>There are some articles about classes in PowerShell and object orientation, but still this topic is hardly covered in a classic tutorial. It&#8217;s always the functions and you have to know about this topic to find it. So I&#8217;m simply writing another article, also in german this time, to maybe reach one or the other additionally, because&#8230;</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--80);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--80)"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="191" src="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/powershell-classes-ftw-1024x191.png" alt="" class="wp-image-517" style="width:493px;height:auto" srcset="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/powershell-classes-ftw-1024x191.png 1024w, https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/powershell-classes-ftw-300x56.png 300w, https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/powershell-classes-ftw-768x143.png 768w, https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/powershell-classes-ftw.png 1153w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure>



<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--80);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--80)"/>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--70);margin-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)">Background Info on PowerShell Classes &#8211; OOP Since Version 5.0</h2>



<p>Classes have existed in PowerShell since PowerShell 5.0, so 2016&#8230; and I only learned about them a year ago 🤦‍♂️. PowerShell classes bring object-oriented programming concepts to PowerShell and thus also have all the basic features of a class.</p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li><strong>Properties</strong>: Properties are strongly typed and support most validation attributes like [ValidateNotNull()], [ValidateRange()], etc.</li>



<li><strong>Methods</strong>: Methods are functions bound to an object and must explicitly define the return type</li>



<li><strong>Constructors</strong>: Enable initialization of objects with specific values</li>



<li><strong>Inheritance</strong>: Allows creating new classes from existing classes and extending their functionality</li>
</ul>



<p>A class, after loading, is its own data type &#8211; more on that later.</p>



<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--80);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--80)"/>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--70);margin-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)">And How Does This Work Now?</h2>



<div class="wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex">
<div class="wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:20%">
<figure class="wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="307" height="328" src="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/emotes_2.png" alt="Explanation incoming" class="wp-image-345" style="width:143px;height:auto" srcset="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/emotes_2.png 307w, https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/emotes_2-281x300.png 281w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 307px) 100vw, 307px" /></figure>
</div>



<div class="wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:80%">
<p>I still remember how I struggled with OOP many years ago and it&#8217;s generally assumed that rather admins than full-blood software developers initially deal with PowerShell. So I&#8217;ll try to keep it totally simple.</p>
</div>
</div>



<div style="height:26px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>



<p>I&#8217;ll take a fictional module that queries server properties via remoting and evaluates them locally, a classic admin task.</p>



<p><strong>ATTENTION:</strong> Of course this example is very constructed and not necessarily practical, but in my opinion it shows the relationships quite well.</p>



<p>This PowerShell classes tutorial shows you the most important concepts for object-oriented programming with PowerShell.</p>



<div style="height:26px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);margin-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);margin-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)">Properties</h3>



<p style="margin-top:0">A class has a firmly defined set of properties at all times. This cannot be changed at runtime, but must be described in the definition of the class.</p>



<div style="height:26px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);margin-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);margin-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)">The Class</h3>


<div class="wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code "><pre class="brush: powershell; title: ; notranslate">
class Server {
# All Possible properties for the Server class
    &#x5B;string]        $ServerName
    &#x5B;string]        $Status
    &#x5B;ipaddress]     $IP 
    &#x5B;string]        $Location
    &#x5B;datetime]      $LastBootTime
    &#x5B;string]        $OperatingSystem
# -------------------------------------------
}
</pre></div>


<div style="height:26px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);margin-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);margin-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)">Constructors</h3>



<p style="margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)">A constructor creates the instance of a class. The class can receive default values, or the constructor expects parameters. In our case, a server name makes sense. So I give the property <strong>ServerName</strong> a value directly when loading.</p>


<div class="wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code "><pre class="brush: powershell; title: ; notranslate">
class Server {
# All Possible properties for the Server class
    &#x5B;string]        $ServerName
    &#x5B;string]        $Status
    &#x5B;ipaddress]     $IP 
    &#x5B;string]        $Location
    &#x5B;datetime]      $LastBootTime
    &#x5B;string]        $OperatingSystem
# -------------------------------------------

    # Constructor
    Server(&#x5B;string]$name) {
        $this.ServerName = $name
    }
}
</pre></div>


<div style="height:26px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>



<p>Now we have a class, but how do we get a server in there? By loading the class into a variable and preferably also dynamically for all servers.</p>



<div style="height:26px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>


<div class="wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code "><pre class="brush: powershell; title: ; notranslate">
class Server {
# All Possible properties for the Server class
    &#x5B;string]        $ServerName
    &#x5B;string]        $Status
    &#x5B;ipaddress]     $IP 
    &#x5B;string]        $Location
    &#x5B;datetime]      $LastBootTime
    &#x5B;string]        $OperatingSystem
# -------------------------------------------

    # Constructor
    Server(&#x5B;string]$name) {
        $this.ServerName = $name
    }
}

$serverlist = @(&#039;Server1&#039;,&#039;Server2&#039;,&#039;Server3&#039;)

foreach ( $server in $serverlist ) {
    
    # Create a new Server object for each server name
    New-Variable -Name &quot;obj_$server&quot; -Value (&#x5B;Server]::new($server)) -Force

}
</pre></div>


<div style="height:26px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);margin-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);margin-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)">Methods</h3>



<p>Methods make classes really interesting in my opinion. Methods are the functions with which I can manipulate properties of classes or generate RETURNS based on arguments that I add to the call. Here I already specify the type of return in the method definition. <strong>VOID</strong> thus logically creates no return.</p>



<div style="height:26px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>


<div class="wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code "><pre class="brush: powershell; title: ; notranslate">
class Server {
    &#x5B;string]        $ServerName
    &#x5B;string]        $Status
    &#x5B;ipaddress]     $IP 
    &#x5B;string]        $Location
    &#x5B;datetime]      $LastBootTime
    &#x5B;string]        $OperatingSystem

    Server(&#x5B;string]$name) {
        $this.ServerName = $name
    }

    &#x5B;void] GetServerInfo() {

        try {

            $osInfo = Invoke-Command -ComputerName $this.ServerName -ScriptBlock {
                Get-CimInstance Win32_OperatingSystem | Select-Object Caption, LastBootUpTime
            } -ErrorAction Stop

            $this.IP = Invoke-Command -ComputerName $this.ServerName -ScriptBlock {
                (Get-NetIPAddress -AddressFamily IPv4 | Where-Object {$_.IPAddress -notlike &#039;169.*&#039;} | Select-Object -First 1).IPAddress
            } -ErrorAction Stop

            $this.OperatingSystem = $osInfo.Caption
            $this.LastBootTime    = $osInfo.LastBootUpTime
            $this.Status          = &quot;Online&quot;

        } catch {

            $this.Status = &quot;Offline&quot;

        }
    }
}

$serverlist = @(&#039;Server1&#039;,&#039;Server2&#039;,&#039;Server3&#039;)

foreach ($server in $serverlist) {
    New-Variable -Name &quot;obj_$server&quot; -Value (&#x5B;Server]::new($server)) -Force
}

$obj_Server1.GetServerInfo()
$obj_Server2.GetServerInfo()
$obj_Server3.GetServerInfo()
</pre></div>


<div style="height:26px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>



<p>Here I&#8217;ve inserted the method <strong>GetServerInfo()</strong>, which now collects the information about the server. I don&#8217;t need to pass an argument or start a cmdlet, since the instance (server name) of the class (Server) has inherited everything. I don&#8217;t need external functions, variables or anything else, everything is available in the class. ❤️ Following an example from the LAB:</p>



<div style="height:26px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>



<figure class="wp-block-image aligncenter size-full" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="542" height="283" src="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/powershell_classes_lab.png" alt="LAB Result of simple powershell class" class="wp-image-532" srcset="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/powershell_classes_lab.png 542w, https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/powershell_classes_lab-300x157.png 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 542px) 100vw, 542px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">LAB Results</figcaption></figure>



<div style="height:26px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--70);margin-right:0;margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-left:0">And Now, Where&#8217;s the Benefit?</h2>



<p>Of course this isn&#8217;t the most optimal use case, but it&#8217;s understandable. One possibility would be to create a logging class. Here from my project:</p>



<div style="height:26px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>


<div class="wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code "><pre class="brush: powershell; title: ; notranslate">
class PatchLogger {
     &#x5B;string]        $ServerName
     &#x5B;string]        $LogPathServer
     &#x5B;string]        $LogLevel = &#039;INFO&#039;
     &#x5B;hashtable]     $LogTargets
     &#x5B;bool]          $ConsoleOutput
     &#x5B;bool]          $StreamOutput
     &#x5B;string]        $VerbosePreference
     &#x5B;string]        $DebugPreference

     # Constructor
     PatchLogger(	&#x5B;string]$LogPathServer,
					&#x5B;string]$ServerName,
					&#x5B;string]$MessageFile,
					&#x5B;string]$ErrorFile,
					&#x5B;string]$VerboseFile,
					&#x5B;string]$DebugFile,
					&#x5B;string]$SqlServerFile,
					&#x5B;bool]$ConsoleOutput 	= $true,
					&#x5B;bool]$StreamOutput 	= $false) {
					
          $this.LogPathServer   = $LogPathServer
          $this.ServerName      = $ServerName
          $this.ConsoleOutput   = $ConsoleOutput
          $this.StreamOutput    = $StreamOutput
          $this.LogTargets      = @{
               Main           = $MessageFile
               Error          = $ErrorFile
               Verbose        = $VerboseFile
               Debug          = $DebugFile
               SqlServer      = $SqlServerFile
          }

          $this.VerbosePreference = $Global:VerbosePreference
          $this.DebugPreference   = $Global:DebugPreference

          if ( -not (Test-Path $this.LogPathServer) ) {
               New-Item -Path $this.LogPathServer -ItemType Directory -Force | Out-Null
          }
    }
	
}
</pre></div>


<div style="height:26px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>



<p>An instance of the class is loaded directly into the variable <strong>$PatchLogger</strong> when the module loads, and from now on I can start right away with <strong>$PatchLogger.Info($message)</strong>. How? Such a short command with such a complex class? Let&#8217;s get to the last thing, which in my opinion is the advantage par excellence: <strong>Overloading</strong>.</p>



<div style="height:26px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--70);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)">Overloading</h2>



<p>Overloading means nothing other than the number of arguments I pass to a method. Based on the number, the engine can distinguish which method is used, since I can have several with the same name. The technical term would be Method Overloading.</p>



<p>The added value lies in the fact that I don&#8217;t have to work with BoundParams, Switch or IF loops like with functions. When a helper method is called with only one argument, the missing arguments are filled in internally and the main method is called.</p>



<p>Let&#8217;s take the example <strong>$PatchLogger.Info($message)</strong></p>



<div style="height:26px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>


<div class="wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code "><pre class="brush: powershell; title: ; notranslate">
# Hauptmethode
&#x5B;hashtable] WriteLog(&#x5B;string]$Level, &#x5B;string]$Message, &#x5B;string]$MessageCode, &#x5B;int]$Severity, &#x5B;string]$Target, &#x5B;bool]$ReturnObject) {...}

# Helfermethode
&#x5B;hashtable] Info(&#x5B;string]$Message) {
      return $this.WriteLog(&#039;INFO&#039;, $Message, $null, 0, &#039;Main&#039;, $true)
}

# Helfermethode 2
&#x5B;hashtable] Info(&#x5B;string]$Message, &#x5B;string]$MessageCode) {
      return $this.WriteLog(&#039;INFO&#039;, $Message, $MessageCode, 0, &#039;Main&#039;, $true)
}
</pre></div>


<div style="height:26px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>



<p>What will be most needed in a large module? A simple message to the main log, without message code and frills. So the helper method calls the main method with the default values that do exactly that.</p>



<p>Let&#8217;s look at helper method 2. This expects 2 arguments, namely a MessageCode. Now I can write a registered message with <strong>$PatchLogger.Info(&#8222;Process XY completed&#8220;,&#8220;I0002&#8243;)</strong>.</p>



<p>Of course I can also implement all this with functions, but I don&#8217;t think it&#8217;s as structured and pretty.</p>



<div style="height:26px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>



<details class="wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow"><summary>Complete PatchLogger Class</summary><div class="wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code "><pre class="brush: powershell; title: ; notranslate">
class PatchLogger {
     &#x5B;string]        $ServerName
     &#x5B;string]        $LogPathServer
     &#x5B;string]        $LogLevel = &#039;INFO&#039;
     &#x5B;hashtable]     $LogTargets
     &#x5B;bool]          $ConsoleOutput
     &#x5B;bool]          $StreamOutput
     &#x5B;string]        $VerbosePreference
     &#x5B;string]        $DebugPreference

     # Constructor
     PatchLogger(&#x5B;string]$LogPathServer, &#x5B;string]$ServerName, &#x5B;string]$MessageFile, &#x5B;string]$ErrorFile, &#x5B;string]$VerboseFile, &#x5B;string]$DebugFile, &#x5B;string]$SqlServerFile, &#x5B;bool]$ConsoleOutput = $true, &#x5B;bool]$StreamOutput = $false) {
          $this.LogPathServer   = $LogPathServer
          $this.ServerName      = $ServerName
          $this.ConsoleOutput   = $ConsoleOutput
          $this.StreamOutput    = $StreamOutput
          $this.LogTargets      = @{
               Main           = $MessageFile
               Error          = $ErrorFile
               Verbose        = $VerboseFile
               Debug          = $DebugFile
               SqlServer      = $SqlServerFile
          }

          $this.VerbosePreference = $Global:VerbosePreference
          $this.DebugPreference   = $Global:DebugPreference

          if ( -not (Test-Path $this.LogPathServer) ) {
               New-Item -Path $this.LogPathServer -ItemType Directory -Force | Out-Null
          }
     }

     &#x5B;void] UpdatePreferences(&#x5B;string]$VerbosePreference, &#x5B;string]$DebugPreference) {
          $this.VerbosePreference = $VerbosePreference
          $this.DebugPreference   = $DebugPreference
     }

     # Central WriteLog method - all other methods call this one
     &#x5B;object] WriteLog(&#x5B;string]$Level, &#x5B;string]$Message, &#x5B;string]$MessageCode, &#x5B;int]$Severity, &#x5B;string]$Target, &#x5B;bool]$ReturnObject) {

          $timestamp          = Get-Date -Format &quot;yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss&quot;
          $severityText       = if ($Severity -ne 9999) { &quot;S$Severity&quot; } else { &quot;&quot; }
          $messageCodeText    = if ($MessageCode) { &quot; $MessageCode&quot; } else { &quot;&quot; }

          $paddedLevel        = &quot;{0,-9}&quot; -f &quot;&#x5B;$Level]&quot;

          $additionalInfo     = &quot;$severityText$messageCodeText&quot;
          $logEntry           = if ( $level -eq &#039;BLANK&#039; ) {
                                   &quot;&quot;
                                } elseif ( $Level -notin @(&#039;VERBOSE&#039;,&#039;DEBUG&#039;) -and -not &#x5B;string]::IsNullOrEmpty($additionalInfo) ) {
                                   &quot;&#x5B;$timestamp] $paddedLevel &#x5B;$($this.ServerName)] $Message ($additionalInfo)&quot;
                                } else {
                                   &quot;&#x5B;$timestamp] $paddedLevel &#x5B;$($this.ServerName)] $Message&quot;
                              }

          $targetFile = $this.LogTargets&#x5B;$Target]
          if ( $targetFile ) {
               try {
                    Add-Content -Path $targetFile -Value $logEntry -Encoding UTF8

                    $verboseFile = $this.LogTargets&#x5B;&#039;Verbose&#039;]
                    if ( $verboseFile -and $Level -ne &#039;VERBOSE&#039; ) {
                         Add-Content -Path $verboseFile -Value $logEntry -Encoding UTF8 # for unbroken verbose stream
                    }

               } catch {
                    Invoke-ScriptError $_
               }
          }

          if ( $this.ConsoleOutput ) {
               switch ( $Level ) {
                    &#039;ERROR&#039;        { Write-Host $logEntry -ForegroundColor Red }
                    &#039;WARNING&#039;      { Write-Host $logEntry -ForegroundColor Yellow }
                    &#039;INFO&#039;         { Write-Host $logEntry -ForegroundColor Green }
                    &#039;BLANK&#039;        { Write-Host $logEntry}
                    &#039;VERBOSE&#039;      {
                         if ( $this.VerbosePreference -ne &#039;SilentlyContinue&#039; ) {
                              Write-Host $logEntry -ForegroundColor Cyan
                         }
                    }
                    &#039;DEBUG&#039;        {
                         if ( $this.DebugPreference -ne &#039;SilentlyContinue&#039; ) {
                              Write-Host $logEntry -ForegroundColor Magenta
                         }
                    }
               }
          }

          # PowerShell streams for integration - only if explicitly enabled
          if ( $this.StreamOutput ) {
               switch ($Level) {
                    &#039;ERROR&#039;   { Write-Error       $Message -ErrorAction Continue }
                    &#039;WARNING&#039; { Write-Warning     $Message }
                    &#039;VERBOSE&#039; { Write-Verbose     $Message }
                    &#039;DEBUG&#039;   { Write-Debug       $Message }
               }
          }

          # Return object only when requested
          if ( $ReturnObject ) {
               return @{
                    HasError    = $Level -eq &#039;ERROR&#039;
                    HasWarning  = $Level -eq &#039;WARNING&#039;
                    MessageCode = if ( $MessageCode ) { $MessageCode } else { $null }
                    Message     = $Message
                    Severity    = $Severity
                    Level       = $Level
                    Target      = $Target
               }
          }

          return $null
     }

     # BLANK Line
     &#x5B;void] BlankLine() {
          $this.WriteLog(&#039;BLANK&#039;, &#039;&#039;, $null, 0, &#039;Main&#039;, $false)
     }

     # INFO Methods - standard return hashtable
     &#x5B;hashtable] Info(&#x5B;string]$Message) {
          return $this.WriteLog(&#039;INFO&#039;, $Message, $null, 0, &#039;Main&#039;, $true)
     }

     &#x5B;hashtable] Info(&#x5B;string]$Message, &#x5B;string]$MessageCode) {
          return $this.WriteLog(&#039;INFO&#039;, $Message, $MessageCode, 0, &#039;Main&#039;, $true)
     }

     # INFO NoReturn
     &#x5B;void] InfoNoReturn(&#x5B;string]$Message) {
          $this.WriteLog(&#039;INFO&#039;, $Message, $null, 0, &#039;Main&#039;, $false)
     }

     &#x5B;void] InfoNoReturn(&#x5B;string]$Message, &#x5B;string]$MessageCode) {
          $this.WriteLog(&#039;INFO&#039;, $Message, $MessageCode, 0, &#039;Main&#039;, $false)
     }

     # WARNING Methods - standard return hashtable
     &#x5B;hashtable] Warning(&#x5B;string]$Message) {
          return $this.WriteLog(&#039;WARNING&#039;, $Message, $null, 1, &#039;Main&#039;, $true)
     }

     &#x5B;hashtable] Warning(&#x5B;string]$Message, &#x5B;string]$MessageCode) {
          return $this.WriteLog(&#039;WARNING&#039;, $Message, $MessageCode, 1, &#039;Main&#039;, $true)
     }

     # WARNING NoReturn
     &#x5B;void] WarningNoReturn(&#x5B;string]$Message) {
          $this.WriteLog(&#039;WARNING&#039;, $Message, $null, 1, &#039;Main&#039;, $false)
     }

     &#x5B;void] WarningNoReturn(&#x5B;string]$Message, &#x5B;string]$MessageCode) {
          $this.WriteLog(&#039;WARNING&#039;, $Message, $MessageCode, 1, &#039;Main&#039;, $false)
     }

     # ERROR Methods - standard return hashtable
     &#x5B;hashtable] Error(&#x5B;string]$Message) {
          return $this.WriteLog(&#039;ERROR&#039;, $Message, $null, 2, &#039;Error&#039;, $true)
     }

     &#x5B;hashtable] Error(&#x5B;string]$Message, &#x5B;string]$MessageCode) {
          return $this.WriteLog(&#039;ERROR&#039;, $Message, $MessageCode, 2, &#039;Error&#039;, $true)
     }

     # ERROR NoReturn
     &#x5B;void] ErrorNoReturn(&#x5B;string]$Message) {
          $this.WriteLog(&#039;ERROR&#039;, $Message, $null, 2, &#039;Error&#039;, $false)
     }

     &#x5B;void] ErrorNoReturn(&#x5B;string]$Message, &#x5B;string]$MessageCode) {
          $this.WriteLog(&#039;ERROR&#039;, $Message, $MessageCode, 2, &#039;Error&#039;, $false)
     }

     # VERBOSE &amp; DEBUG - NoReturn
     &#x5B;void] Verbose(&#x5B;string]$Message) {
          $this.WriteLog(&#039;VERBOSE&#039;, $Message, $null, 0, &#039;Verbose&#039;, $false)
     }

     &#x5B;void] Debug(&#x5B;string]$Message) {
          $this.WriteLog(&#039;DEBUG&#039;, $Message, $null, 0, &#039;Debug&#039;, $false)
     }

     # Step/SQL/AG Methods - NoReturn
     &#x5B;void] StepStart(&#x5B;int]$Step, &#x5B;string]$StepName) {
          $this.BlankLine()
          $message = &quot;========================= STEP $Step START: $StepName =========================&quot;
          $this.WriteLog(&#039;INFO&#039;, $message, $null, 9999, &#039;Main&#039;, $false)
     }

     &#x5B;void] StepEnd(&#x5B;int]$Step, &#x5B;string]$StepName, &#x5B;bool]$Success) {
          $status   = if ( $Success ) { &quot;SUCCESS&quot; } else { &quot;FAILED&quot; }
          $message  = &quot;========================= STEP $Step END: $StepName - $status =========================&quot;
          $this.WriteLog(&#039;INFO&#039;, $message, $null, 9999, &#039;Main&#039;, $false)
          $this.BlankLine()
     }

}
</pre></div></details>



<div style="height:26px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--70);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)">Summary</h2>



<p>PowerShell classes revolutionize how you structure larger projects. Available since PowerShell 5.0, they offer object-oriented programming with properties, methods, constructors, and method overloading. The initial extra effort pays off through clean, maintainable code &#8211; especially for modules and more complex function collections.</p>



<p><strong>The most important advantages at a glance:</strong></p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Strongly typed properties with validation</li>



<li>Encapsulated functionality through methods</li>



<li>Elegant overloading instead of complex parameter logic and a structure that remains understandable even after months</li>
</ul>



<p>For daily-doing scripts, the classic approach remains more practical, but as soon as reusability and structure become important, there&#8217;s no way around classes for me anymore. 🫡</p>



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<figure style="width:250px;height:250px;" class="wp-block-post-featured-image"><a href="https://dbavonnebenan.de/powershell-classes-for-beginner-en/" target="_self"  style="height:250px"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="256" height="256" src="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/logo-powershell-meets-classes.png" class="attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image" alt="PowerShell Classes for Beginners &#8211; Structured Code Instead of Function Chaos" style="height:250px;object-fit:cover;" srcset="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/logo-powershell-meets-classes.png 256w, https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/logo-powershell-meets-classes-150x150.png 150w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 256px) 100vw, 256px" /></a></figure><p>The post <a href="https://dbavonnebenan.de/powershell-classes-for-beginner-en/">PowerShell Classes for Beginners – Structured Code Instead of Function Chaos</a> first appeared on <a href="https://dbavonnebenan.de">DBA von Nebenan</a>.</p>]]></content:encoded>
					
					<wfw:commentRss>https://dbavonnebenan.de/powershell-classes-for-beginner-en/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>PowerShell Klassen für Anfänger &#8211; Strukturierter Code statt Funktions-Chaos</title>
		<link>https://dbavonnebenan.de/powershell-classes-for-beginner-de/</link>
					<comments>https://dbavonnebenan.de/powershell-classes-for-beginner-de/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Gabriel]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 14 Jun 2025 18:33:32 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[PowerShell]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Classes]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[DE]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Klassen]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[TUTORIAL]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://dbavonnebenan.de/?p=511</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Intro Seit eh und je nutze ich PowerShell nach Schema F, so ungefähr war auch mein Lernpfad entsprechend PowerShell Best Practices. Auf den letzten beiden Ebenen habe ich mich nun sehr lange bewegt, natürlich immer effizienter und allgemein wurde das PowerShell Wissen breiter. Während dieser Entwicklung merkte ich jedoch ein Problem: Ich bin ein sehr [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://dbavonnebenan.de/powershell-classes-for-beginner-de/">PowerShell Klassen für Anfänger – Strukturierter Code statt Funktions-Chaos</a> first appeared on <a href="https://dbavonnebenan.de">DBA von Nebenan</a>.</p>]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<h2 class="wp-block-heading" style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)">Intro</h2>



<p>Seit eh und je nutze ich PowerShell nach Schema F, so ungefähr war auch mein Lernpfad entsprechend PowerShell Best Practices.</p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Quick and Dirty Einzeiler in der Konsole, mittlerweile Terminal</li>



<li>Nach und nach wurden aus den Einzeilern PowerShell Scripte mit besser organisierten Einzeilern</li>



<li>Es kamen Variablen, dann Funktionen, die Wiederverwendbarkeit stieg</li>



<li>Aus Funktionen wurden Module, persistente Datenhalden in Json und technologisch war das erstmal das Ende</li>



<li>Das letzte HighLight war Threading und Runspaces</li>
</ul>



<p>Auf den letzten beiden Ebenen habe ich mich nun sehr lange bewegt, natürlich immer effizienter und allgemein wurde das PowerShell Wissen breiter.</p>



<p>Während dieser Entwicklung merkte ich jedoch ein Problem: Ich bin ein sehr organisierter Mensch, zumindestens im beruflichen Umfeld 😉, und so soll auch mein Code sein, strukturiert. Von Clean Code halte ich nichts, Kommentare sind einfach punktuell wichtig, für mich, für andere, für meine Kunden. Neben Kommentaren ist aber auch die Struktur wichtig, was bringen mir Kommentare an einem &#8218;Bucket of Chars&#8216; ? Ebenfalls liebe ich symmetrischen Code, ja lacht ruhig, aber es macht sofort ersichtlich, was ist eine Variable, was eine Zusweisung und was der Value. Wenn ich sowas sehe&#8230;</p>



<div style="height:25px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>



<div class="wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex">
<div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:66.66%"><div class="wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code "><pre class="brush: powershell; title: ; notranslate">
$userInfo = @{
   Name = $varSurename
   Address = $varStreet
   Data = $varRandomLongVar
}

$configSettings = @{
   ServerName = &#039;localhost&#039;
   Port = 5432
   Database = &#039;mydb&#039;
   Timeout = 30
}

$employee = @{
   Personal = @{
       FirstName = $varSurename
       LastName = &#039;Doe&#039;
       Street = $varStreet
   }
   Work = @{
       Department = &#039;IT&#039;
       Position = &#039;Developer&#039;
   }
}
</pre></div></div>



<div class="wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:33.33%">
<figure class="wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="264" height="329" src="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/emote-4.png" alt="" class="wp-image-516" style="width:229px;height:auto" srcset="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/emote-4.png 264w, https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/emote-4-241x300.png 241w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 264px) 100vw, 264px" /></figure>
</div>
</div>



<div style="height:25px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>



<p style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0">&#8230; da kehrt sich mein Innerstes nach Außen 🤣 Ist vielleicht auch eine Krankheit. Dies ist eine normale Schreibweise, die als sauber gilt, ich weiß, aber das sollte doch so aussehen..</p>



<div style="height:25px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>



<div class="wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex">
<div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:66.66%"><div class="wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code "><pre class="brush: powershell; title: ; notranslate">
$userInfo = @{
   Name 	= $varSurename
   Address 	= $varStreet
   Data 	= $varRandomLongVar
}

$configSettings = @{
   ServerName 	= &#039;localhost&#039;
   Port 		= 5432
   Database 	= &#039;mydb&#039;
   Timeout 		= 30
}

$employee = @{
   Personal = @{
       FirstName 	= $varSurename
       LastName 	= &#039;Doe&#039;
       Street 		= $varStreet
   }
   Work 	= @{
       Department 	= &#039;IT&#039;
       Position 	= &#039;Developer&#039;
   }
}

$users = @(
   @{ Name = &#039;Alice&#039;; 		Role = &#039;Admin&#039; }
   @{ Name = $varSurename; 	Role = &#039;User&#039; }
)
</pre></div></div>



<div class="wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:33.33%">
<figure class="wp-block-image aligncenter size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="251" height="330" src="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/emote-5.png" alt="" class="wp-image-515" srcset="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/emote-5.png 251w, https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/emote-5-228x300.png 228w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 251px) 100vw, 251px" /></figure>
</div>
</div>



<div style="height:25px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>



<p style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0">Wie auch immer, darum solls hier nicht gehen. Es ist grundsätzlich so, dass die Struktur und Ordnung bei größeren Projekten nach und nach abnimmt und Klassen genau auf dieses Thema einspielen. Aber warum jetzt erst? Klassen gibt es seit PowerShell 5.0 .</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--70);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)">AI Assisted Coding</h2>



<p>Natürlich war ich early Adopter der ganzen KI Chatbots und war erstaunt, was ChatGPT vor 2 Jahren schon konnte. Natürlich war der Code, egal welche Sprache, unbrauchbar, aber für Wissenserzeugung allemal nützlich. So wurde mit fortlaufender Qualität der Code besser und auch die Lösungswege wurden immer interessanter. </p>



<p>Irgendwann sind in den Vorschlägen Klassen aufgetaucht und ich habe es konsequent ignoriert 😝. Durch meine C# Reisen wusste ich, dass Klassen einfach der Standard sind, man aber schon grundlegend Wissen sollte, was ich damit machen will im Projekt, um diese sauber zu entwerfen. Und diesen Aufwand wollte ich mir nicht machen.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--70);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)">Das neue Projekt</h2>



<p>Es war an der Zeit, eine 4 Jahre alte Lösung an neue Anforderungen anzupassen, wie das halt manchmal so der Fall ist. Da mein Wissen ja auch nicht stehen bleibt, habe ich nach kurzem überfliegen des Codes entschieden:</p>



<p class="has-text-align-center" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)"><strong>DAS FASSE ICH NICHT MEHR AN</strong>, <strong>DAS MUSS ALLES NEU!!</strong></p>



<p>Nun war ich in der entspannten Lage, dass für die Lösung alles vorhanden war</p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Programmablaufplan (PAP)</li>



<li>Funktionsbeschreibungen</li>



<li>Programmatische Lösung der benötigten Funktionen auf unterster Ebene</li>



<li>4 Jahre Lessons learned</li>
</ul>



<p>Somit musste ich mich nur um die Orchestrierung aller Schritte kümmern und habe entschieden, dass ich den Klassen mal eine Chance geben werde. In der Theorie ist dies nämlich die sauberste und strukturierteste Möglichkeit zu Coden.</p>



<p>Das Ergebnis hat meine Art zu Coden nicht völlig, aber nachhaltig verändert &#8211; aber dazu später mehr.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="powershell-classes-conclusion" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--70);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)">Fazit nach 5 Wochen im Projekt</h2>



<div class="wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex">
<div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:50%">
<figure class="wp-block-image size-full has-custom-border"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="532" height="500" src="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/class-perfection.jpg" alt="I SAID PERFECTION" class="has-border-color has-contrast-border-color wp-image-518" style="border-width:1px" srcset="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/class-perfection.jpg 532w, https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/class-perfection-300x282.jpg 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 532px) 100vw, 532px" /></figure>
</div>



<div class="wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:50%">
<p>Klassen in PowerShell sind so unglaublich simpel, so strukturiert, so wunderschön❤️. Natürlich muss der UseCase passen, da die Implementierung initial mehr Struktur verlangt, aber wenn dieser gegeben ist, wird für mich kein Weg mehr an Klassen vorbei führen. </p>
</div>
</div>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--70);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)">Warum dieser Artikel, gibt doch genug?</h2>



<p>Es gibt einige Artikel über Klassen in PowerShell und Objektorientierung aber trotzdem wird dieses Thema kaum in einem klassischen Tutorial behandelt. Es sind immer die Funktionen und man muss um dieses Thema wissen um es zu finden. Somit schreibe ich einfach noch einen Artikel, auch mal in deutsch, um vielleicht doch den ein oder anderen zusätzlich zu erreichen, weil&#8230;</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--80);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--80)"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="191" src="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/powershell-classes-ftw-1024x191.png" alt="" class="wp-image-517" style="width:493px;height:auto" srcset="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/powershell-classes-ftw-1024x191.png 1024w, https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/powershell-classes-ftw-300x56.png 300w, https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/powershell-classes-ftw-768x143.png 768w, https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/powershell-classes-ftw.png 1153w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure>



<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--80);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--80)"/>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);margin-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60)">Hintergrundinfos zu PowerShell Klassen &#8211; OOP seit Version 5.0</h2>



<p style="margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)">Klassen gibt es in PowerShell seit PowerShell 5.0 also 2016&#8230; und ich habe vor einem Jahr erst davon erfahren 🤦‍♂️. PowerShell Klassen bringen objektorientierte Programmierkonzepte in PowerShell und haben somit auch haben alle grundlegenden Features einer Klasse.</p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li><strong>Eigenschaften (Properties)</strong>: Eigenschaften sind stark typisiert und unterstützen die meisten Validierungsattribute wie [ValidateNotNull()], [ValidateRange()] etc. </li>



<li><strong>Methoden</strong>: Methoden sind Funktionen, die an ein Objekt gebunden sind und explizit den Rückgabetyp definieren müssen</li>



<li><strong>Konstruktoren</strong>: Ermöglichen die Initialisierung von Objekten mit spezifischen Werten </li>



<li><strong>Vererbung</strong>: Erlaubt es, neue Klassen von bestehenden Klassen zu erstellen und deren Funktionalität zu erweitern</li>
</ul>



<p style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)">Eine Klasse ist nach dem Laden ein eigener Datentyp, später mehr dazu.</p>



<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--70);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--70)"/>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--70);margin-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)">Und wie funktioniert das jetzt?</h2>



<div class="wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex">
<div class="wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:20%">
<figure class="wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="307" height="328" src="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/emotes_2.png" alt="Explanation incoming" class="wp-image-345" style="width:143px;height:auto" srcset="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/emotes_2.png 307w, https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/emotes_2-281x300.png 281w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 307px) 100vw, 307px" /></figure>
</div>



<div class="wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:80%">
<p>Ich weiß noch, wie ich mich vor vielen Jahren mit OOP schwer tat und allgemein davon auszugehen ist, dass sich doch eher Admins als vollblut Software Entwickler initial mit PowerShell auseinander setzen. Somit versuche ich es mal total simpel.</p>
</div>
</div>



<div style="height:26px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>



<p>Ich nehme mal ein fiktives Modul, welche per Remoting Serverproperties abfragt und lokal auswertet, ein klassischer AdminTask. </p>



<p><strong>ACHTUNG:</strong> Natürlich ist dieses Beispiel sehr konstruiert und nicht zwingend praktikabel aber es zeigt meiner Meinung nach die Zusammenhänge recht gut.</p>



<p>Dieses PowerShell Klassen Tutorial zeigt dir die wichtigsten Konzepte für objektorientierte Programmierung mit PowerShell.</p>



<div style="height:26px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);margin-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);margin-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)">Eigenschaften (Properties)</h3>



<p style="margin-top:0">Eine Klasse hat zu jeder Zeit ein fest definierten Satz an Eigenschaften. Dieser kann zur Laufzeit nicht geändert werden, sondern muss in der Definition der Klasse beschrieben werden.</p>



<div style="height:26px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);margin-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);margin-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)">Die Klasse</h3>


<div class="wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code "><pre class="brush: powershell; title: ; notranslate">
class Server {
# All Possible properties for the Server class
    &#x5B;string]        $ServerName
    &#x5B;string]        $Status
    &#x5B;ipaddress]     $IP 
    &#x5B;string]        $Location
    &#x5B;datetime]      $LastBootTime
    &#x5B;string]        $OperatingSystem
# -------------------------------------------
}
</pre></div>


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<h3 class="wp-block-heading" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);margin-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);margin-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)">Konstruktoren</h3>



<p style="margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)">Ein Konstruktor erzeugt die Instanz einer Klasse. Dabei kann die Klasse default Values erhalten, oder der Konstruktor erwartet Parameter. In unserem Fall ist ein Servername sinnvoll. Somit gebe ich der Property <strong>ServerName </strong>direkt beim Laden einen Wert.</p>


<div class="wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code "><pre class="brush: powershell; title: ; notranslate">
class Server {
# All Possible properties for the Server class
    &#x5B;string]        $ServerName
    &#x5B;string]        $Status
    &#x5B;ipaddress]     $IP 
    &#x5B;string]        $Location
    &#x5B;datetime]      $LastBootTime
    &#x5B;string]        $OperatingSystem
# -------------------------------------------

    # Constructor
    Server(&#x5B;string]$name) {
        $this.ServerName = $name
    }
}
</pre></div>


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<p>Nun haben wir zwar ein Klasse aber wie bekommen wir nun einen Server da rein? Indem wir die Klasse in eine Variable laden und am besten auch noch dynamisch für alle Server.</p>



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<div class="wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code "><pre class="brush: powershell; title: ; notranslate">
class Server {
# All Possible properties for the Server class
    &#x5B;string]        $ServerName
    &#x5B;string]        $Status
    &#x5B;ipaddress]     $IP 
    &#x5B;string]        $Location
    &#x5B;datetime]      $LastBootTime
    &#x5B;string]        $OperatingSystem
# -------------------------------------------

    # Constructor
    Server(&#x5B;string]$name) {
        $this.ServerName = $name
    }
}

$serverlist = @(&#039;Server1&#039;,&#039;Server2&#039;,&#039;Server3&#039;)

foreach ( $server in $serverlist ) {
    
    # Create a new Server object for each server name
    New-Variable -Name &quot;obj_$server&quot; -Value (&#x5B;Server]::new($server)) -Force

}
</pre></div>


<div style="height:26px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);margin-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);margin-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)">Methoden</h3>



<p>Methoden machen meiner Meinung nach die Klassen erst richtig interessant. Methoden sind die Funktionen mit denen ich Eigenschaften der Klassen manipulieren kann oder auf Basis von Argumenten, welche ich dem Aufruf hinzufüge, RETURNS erzeugen kann. Hierbei gebe ich bereits in der Methodendefintion den Typ der Rückgabe an. <strong>VOID</strong> erzeugt somit logischerweise keine Rückgabe.</p>



<div style="height:26px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>


<div class="wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code "><pre class="brush: powershell; title: ; notranslate">
class Server {
    &#x5B;string]        $ServerName
    &#x5B;string]        $Status
    &#x5B;ipaddress]     $IP 
    &#x5B;string]        $Location
    &#x5B;datetime]      $LastBootTime
    &#x5B;string]        $OperatingSystem

    Server(&#x5B;string]$name) {
        $this.ServerName = $name
    }

    &#x5B;void] GetServerInfo() {

        try {

            $osInfo = Invoke-Command -ComputerName $this.ServerName -ScriptBlock {
                Get-CimInstance Win32_OperatingSystem | Select-Object Caption, LastBootUpTime
            } -ErrorAction Stop

            $this.IP = Invoke-Command -ComputerName $this.ServerName -ScriptBlock {
                (Get-NetIPAddress -AddressFamily IPv4 | Where-Object {$_.IPAddress -notlike &#039;169.*&#039;} | Select-Object -First 1).IPAddress
            } -ErrorAction Stop

            $this.OperatingSystem = $osInfo.Caption
            $this.LastBootTime    = $osInfo.LastBootUpTime
            $this.Status          = &quot;Online&quot;

        } catch {

            $this.Status = &quot;Offline&quot;

        }
    }
}

$serverlist = @(&#039;Server1&#039;,&#039;Server2&#039;,&#039;Server3&#039;)

foreach ($server in $serverlist) {
    New-Variable -Name &quot;obj_$server&quot; -Value (&#x5B;Server]::new($server)) -Force
}

$obj_Server1.GetServerInfo()
$obj_Server2.GetServerInfo()
$obj_Server3.GetServerInfo()
</pre></div>


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<p>Hier habe ich die Methode <strong>GetServerInfo()</strong> eingefügt, die nun die Informationen zum Server sammelt. Dabei muss ich weder ein Argument mitgeben oder ein Cmdlet starten, da die Instanz (Servername) der Klasse (Server) alles vererbt bekommen hat. Ich brauche keine externen Funktionen, Variablen oder sonst was, alles in der Klasse vorhanden. ❤️ Folgend ein Beispiel aus dem LAB</p>



<div style="height:26px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>



<figure class="wp-block-image aligncenter size-full" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="542" height="283" src="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/powershell_classes_lab.png" alt="LAB Result of simple powershell class" class="wp-image-532" srcset="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/powershell_classes_lab.png 542w, https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/powershell_classes_lab-300x157.png 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 542px) 100vw, 542px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">LAB Results</figcaption></figure>



<div style="height:26px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--70);margin-right:0;margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-left:0">Und jetzt, wo ist der Nutzen?</h2>



<p>Natürlich ist das nicht der optimalste Use Case, dafür verständlich. Eine Möglichkeit wäre, eine LoggingKlasse zu erstellen. Anbei aus meinem Projekt:</p>



<div style="height:26px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>


<div class="wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code "><pre class="brush: powershell; title: ; notranslate">
class PatchLogger {
     &#x5B;string]        $ServerName
     &#x5B;string]        $LogPathServer
     &#x5B;string]        $LogLevel = &#039;INFO&#039;
     &#x5B;hashtable]     $LogTargets
     &#x5B;bool]          $ConsoleOutput
     &#x5B;bool]          $StreamOutput
     &#x5B;string]        $VerbosePreference
     &#x5B;string]        $DebugPreference

     # Constructor
     PatchLogger(	&#x5B;string]$LogPathServer,
					&#x5B;string]$ServerName,
					&#x5B;string]$MessageFile,
					&#x5B;string]$ErrorFile,
					&#x5B;string]$VerboseFile,
					&#x5B;string]$DebugFile,
					&#x5B;string]$SqlServerFile,
					&#x5B;bool]$ConsoleOutput 	= $true,
					&#x5B;bool]$StreamOutput 	= $false) {
					
          $this.LogPathServer   = $LogPathServer
          $this.ServerName      = $ServerName
          $this.ConsoleOutput   = $ConsoleOutput
          $this.StreamOutput    = $StreamOutput
          $this.LogTargets      = @{
               Main           = $MessageFile
               Error          = $ErrorFile
               Verbose        = $VerboseFile
               Debug          = $DebugFile
               SqlServer      = $SqlServerFile
          }

          $this.VerbosePreference = $Global:VerbosePreference
          $this.DebugPreference   = $Global:DebugPreference

          if ( -not (Test-Path $this.LogPathServer) ) {
               New-Item -Path $this.LogPathServer -ItemType Directory -Force | Out-Null
          }
    }
	
}
</pre></div>


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<p>Eine Instanz der Klasse wird direkt beim Laden des Moduls in die Variable <strong>$PatchLogger </strong>geladen und ab jetzt kann ich mit <strong>$PatchLogger.Info($message)</strong> schon direkt loslegen. Wie? So ein kurzer Befehl bei einer so komplexen Klasse? Kommen wir zum letzten, was meiner Meinung nach der Vorteil schlechthin ist: <strong>Überladung</strong>.</p>



<div style="height:26px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)">Überladung</h2>



<p>Überladung heisst nichts anderes als die Anzahl der Argumente, die ich einer Methode übergebe. Anhand der Anzahl kann die Engine unterscheiden, welche Methode genutzt wird, da ich mehrer mit den gleichen Namen haben kann. Der Fachbegriff wäre Method Overloading.</p>



<p>Der Mehrwert liegt darin, dass ich nicht wie bei Funktionen mit BoundParams, Switch oder IF SChleifen arbeiten muss. Wenn eine Helfer Methode mit nur einem Argument aufgerufen wird, werden intern die fehlenden Argumente aufgefüllt und die Hauptmethode aufgerufen.</p>



<p>Nehmen wir das Beispiel <strong>$PatchLogger.Info($message)</strong> </p>



<div style="height:26px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>


<div class="wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code "><pre class="brush: powershell; title: ; notranslate">
# Hauptmethode
&#x5B;hashtable] WriteLog(&#x5B;string]$Level, &#x5B;string]$Message, &#x5B;string]$MessageCode, &#x5B;int]$Severity, &#x5B;string]$Target, &#x5B;bool]$ReturnObject) {...}

# Helfermethode
&#x5B;hashtable] Info(&#x5B;string]$Message) {
      return $this.WriteLog(&#039;INFO&#039;, $Message, $null, 0, &#039;Main&#039;, $true)
}

# Helfermethode 2
&#x5B;hashtable] Info(&#x5B;string]$Message, &#x5B;string]$MessageCode) {
      return $this.WriteLog(&#039;INFO&#039;, $Message, $MessageCode, 0, &#039;Main&#039;, $true)
}
</pre></div>


<div style="height:26px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>



<p>Was wird das meiste sein, was ich ich einem großen Modul benötige? Eine einfache Message ins Main Log, ohne Messagecode und SchnickSchnack. Somit ruft die Helfermethode die Hauptmethode mit den Defaultwerten auf, die genau das bewirken.</p>



<p>Schauen wir uns Helfermethode 2 an. Diese erwartet 2 Argumente, nämlich einen MessageCode. Schon kann ich mit <strong>$PatchLogger.Info(&#8222;Prozess XY abgeschlossen&#8220;,&#8220;I0002&#8243;)</strong> eine registrierte Message schreiben. </p>



<p>Natürlich kann ich das auch alles mit Funktionen realisieren aber ich denke nicht so strukturiert und hübsch. </p>



<div style="height:26px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>



<details class="wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow"><summary>Gesamte PatchLogger Klasse</summary><div class="wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code "><pre class="brush: powershell; title: ; notranslate">
class PatchLogger {
     &#x5B;string]        $ServerName
     &#x5B;string]        $LogPathServer
     &#x5B;string]        $LogLevel = &#039;INFO&#039;
     &#x5B;hashtable]     $LogTargets
     &#x5B;bool]          $ConsoleOutput
     &#x5B;bool]          $StreamOutput
     &#x5B;string]        $VerbosePreference
     &#x5B;string]        $DebugPreference

     # Constructor
     PatchLogger(&#x5B;string]$LogPathServer, &#x5B;string]$ServerName, &#x5B;string]$MessageFile, &#x5B;string]$ErrorFile, &#x5B;string]$VerboseFile, &#x5B;string]$DebugFile, &#x5B;string]$SqlServerFile, &#x5B;bool]$ConsoleOutput = $true, &#x5B;bool]$StreamOutput = $false) {
          $this.LogPathServer   = $LogPathServer
          $this.ServerName      = $ServerName
          $this.ConsoleOutput   = $ConsoleOutput
          $this.StreamOutput    = $StreamOutput
          $this.LogTargets      = @{
               Main           = $MessageFile
               Error          = $ErrorFile
               Verbose        = $VerboseFile
               Debug          = $DebugFile
               SqlServer      = $SqlServerFile
          }

          $this.VerbosePreference = $Global:VerbosePreference
          $this.DebugPreference   = $Global:DebugPreference

          if ( -not (Test-Path $this.LogPathServer) ) {
               New-Item -Path $this.LogPathServer -ItemType Directory -Force | Out-Null
          }
     }

     &#x5B;void] UpdatePreferences(&#x5B;string]$VerbosePreference, &#x5B;string]$DebugPreference) {
          $this.VerbosePreference = $VerbosePreference
          $this.DebugPreference   = $DebugPreference
     }

     # Central WriteLog method - all other methods call this one
     &#x5B;object] WriteLog(&#x5B;string]$Level, &#x5B;string]$Message, &#x5B;string]$MessageCode, &#x5B;int]$Severity, &#x5B;string]$Target, &#x5B;bool]$ReturnObject) {

          $timestamp          = Get-Date -Format &quot;yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss&quot;
          $severityText       = if ($Severity -ne 9999) { &quot;S$Severity&quot; } else { &quot;&quot; }
          $messageCodeText    = if ($MessageCode) { &quot; $MessageCode&quot; } else { &quot;&quot; }

          $paddedLevel        = &quot;{0,-9}&quot; -f &quot;&#x5B;$Level]&quot;

          $additionalInfo     = &quot;$severityText$messageCodeText&quot;
          $logEntry           = if ( $level -eq &#039;BLANK&#039; ) {
                                   &quot;&quot;
                                } elseif ( $Level -notin @(&#039;VERBOSE&#039;,&#039;DEBUG&#039;) -and -not &#x5B;string]::IsNullOrEmpty($additionalInfo) ) {
                                   &quot;&#x5B;$timestamp] $paddedLevel &#x5B;$($this.ServerName)] $Message ($additionalInfo)&quot;
                                } else {
                                   &quot;&#x5B;$timestamp] $paddedLevel &#x5B;$($this.ServerName)] $Message&quot;
                              }

          $targetFile = $this.LogTargets&#x5B;$Target]
          if ( $targetFile ) {
               try {
                    Add-Content -Path $targetFile -Value $logEntry -Encoding UTF8

                    $verboseFile = $this.LogTargets&#x5B;&#039;Verbose&#039;]
                    if ( $verboseFile -and $Level -ne &#039;VERBOSE&#039; ) {
                         Add-Content -Path $verboseFile -Value $logEntry -Encoding UTF8 # for unbroken verbose stream
                    }

               } catch {
                    Invoke-ScriptError $_
               }
          }

          if ( $this.ConsoleOutput ) {
               switch ( $Level ) {
                    &#039;ERROR&#039;        { Write-Host $logEntry -ForegroundColor Red }
                    &#039;WARNING&#039;      { Write-Host $logEntry -ForegroundColor Yellow }
                    &#039;INFO&#039;         { Write-Host $logEntry -ForegroundColor Green }
                    &#039;BLANK&#039;        { Write-Host $logEntry}
                    &#039;VERBOSE&#039;      {
                         if ( $this.VerbosePreference -ne &#039;SilentlyContinue&#039; ) {
                              Write-Host $logEntry -ForegroundColor Cyan
                         }
                    }
                    &#039;DEBUG&#039;        {
                         if ( $this.DebugPreference -ne &#039;SilentlyContinue&#039; ) {
                              Write-Host $logEntry -ForegroundColor Magenta
                         }
                    }
               }
          }

          # PowerShell streams for integration - only if explicitly enabled
          if ( $this.StreamOutput ) {
               switch ($Level) {
                    &#039;ERROR&#039;   { Write-Error       $Message -ErrorAction Continue }
                    &#039;WARNING&#039; { Write-Warning     $Message }
                    &#039;VERBOSE&#039; { Write-Verbose     $Message }
                    &#039;DEBUG&#039;   { Write-Debug       $Message }
               }
          }

          # Return object only when requested
          if ( $ReturnObject ) {
               return @{
                    HasError    = $Level -eq &#039;ERROR&#039;
                    HasWarning  = $Level -eq &#039;WARNING&#039;
                    MessageCode = if ( $MessageCode ) { $MessageCode } else { $null }
                    Message     = $Message
                    Severity    = $Severity
                    Level       = $Level
                    Target      = $Target
               }
          }

          return $null
     }

     # BLANK Line
     &#x5B;void] BlankLine() {
          $this.WriteLog(&#039;BLANK&#039;, &#039;&#039;, $null, 0, &#039;Main&#039;, $false)
     }

     # INFO Methods - standard return hashtable
     &#x5B;hashtable] Info(&#x5B;string]$Message) {
          return $this.WriteLog(&#039;INFO&#039;, $Message, $null, 0, &#039;Main&#039;, $true)
     }

     &#x5B;hashtable] Info(&#x5B;string]$Message, &#x5B;string]$MessageCode) {
          return $this.WriteLog(&#039;INFO&#039;, $Message, $MessageCode, 0, &#039;Main&#039;, $true)
     }

     # INFO NoReturn
     &#x5B;void] InfoNoReturn(&#x5B;string]$Message) {
          $this.WriteLog(&#039;INFO&#039;, $Message, $null, 0, &#039;Main&#039;, $false)
     }

     &#x5B;void] InfoNoReturn(&#x5B;string]$Message, &#x5B;string]$MessageCode) {
          $this.WriteLog(&#039;INFO&#039;, $Message, $MessageCode, 0, &#039;Main&#039;, $false)
     }

     # WARNING Methods - standard return hashtable
     &#x5B;hashtable] Warning(&#x5B;string]$Message) {
          return $this.WriteLog(&#039;WARNING&#039;, $Message, $null, 1, &#039;Main&#039;, $true)
     }

     &#x5B;hashtable] Warning(&#x5B;string]$Message, &#x5B;string]$MessageCode) {
          return $this.WriteLog(&#039;WARNING&#039;, $Message, $MessageCode, 1, &#039;Main&#039;, $true)
     }

     # WARNING NoReturn
     &#x5B;void] WarningNoReturn(&#x5B;string]$Message) {
          $this.WriteLog(&#039;WARNING&#039;, $Message, $null, 1, &#039;Main&#039;, $false)
     }

     &#x5B;void] WarningNoReturn(&#x5B;string]$Message, &#x5B;string]$MessageCode) {
          $this.WriteLog(&#039;WARNING&#039;, $Message, $MessageCode, 1, &#039;Main&#039;, $false)
     }

     # ERROR Methods - standard return hashtable
     &#x5B;hashtable] Error(&#x5B;string]$Message) {
          return $this.WriteLog(&#039;ERROR&#039;, $Message, $null, 2, &#039;Error&#039;, $true)
     }

     &#x5B;hashtable] Error(&#x5B;string]$Message, &#x5B;string]$MessageCode) {
          return $this.WriteLog(&#039;ERROR&#039;, $Message, $MessageCode, 2, &#039;Error&#039;, $true)
     }

     # ERROR NoReturn
     &#x5B;void] ErrorNoReturn(&#x5B;string]$Message) {
          $this.WriteLog(&#039;ERROR&#039;, $Message, $null, 2, &#039;Error&#039;, $false)
     }

     &#x5B;void] ErrorNoReturn(&#x5B;string]$Message, &#x5B;string]$MessageCode) {
          $this.WriteLog(&#039;ERROR&#039;, $Message, $MessageCode, 2, &#039;Error&#039;, $false)
     }

     # VERBOSE &amp; DEBUG - NoReturn
     &#x5B;void] Verbose(&#x5B;string]$Message) {
          $this.WriteLog(&#039;VERBOSE&#039;, $Message, $null, 0, &#039;Verbose&#039;, $false)
     }

     &#x5B;void] Debug(&#x5B;string]$Message) {
          $this.WriteLog(&#039;DEBUG&#039;, $Message, $null, 0, &#039;Debug&#039;, $false)
     }

     # Step/SQL/AG Methods - NoReturn
     &#x5B;void] StepStart(&#x5B;int]$Step, &#x5B;string]$StepName) {
          $this.BlankLine()
          $message = &quot;========================= STEP $Step START: $StepName =========================&quot;
          $this.WriteLog(&#039;INFO&#039;, $message, $null, 9999, &#039;Main&#039;, $false)
     }

     &#x5B;void] StepEnd(&#x5B;int]$Step, &#x5B;string]$StepName, &#x5B;bool]$Success) {
          $status   = if ( $Success ) { &quot;SUCCESS&quot; } else { &quot;FAILED&quot; }
          $message  = &quot;========================= STEP $Step END: $StepName - $status =========================&quot;
          $this.WriteLog(&#039;INFO&#039;, $message, $null, 9999, &#039;Main&#039;, $false)
          $this.BlankLine()
     }

}
</pre></div></details>



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<h2 class="wp-block-heading" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)">Zusammenfassung</h2>



<p>PowerShell Klassen revolutionieren die Art, wie du größere Projekte strukturierst. Seit PowerShell 5.0 verfügbar, bieten sie objektorientierte Programmierung mit Eigenschaften, Methoden, Konstruktoren und Method Overloading. Der anfängliche Mehraufwand zahlt sich durch sauberen, wartbaren Code aus &#8211; besonders bei Modulen und komplexeren Funktionssammlungen.</p>



<p><strong>Die wichtigsten Vorteile auf einen Blick</strong></p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Stark typisierte Properties mit Validierung</li>



<li>gekapselte Funktionalität durch Methoden</li>



<li>elegante Überladung statt komplexer Parameter-Logik und eine Struktur, die auch nach Monaten noch verständlich bleibt</li>
</ul>



<p>Für Daily-Doing-Scripts bleibt der klassische Ansatz praktischer, aber sobald Wiederverwendbarkeit und Struktur wichtig werden, führt für mich kein Weg mehr an Klassen vorbei. 🫡</p>



<div style="height:55px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>


<figure style="width:500px;height:500px;" class="wp-block-post-featured-image"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="256" height="256" src="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/logo-powershell-meets-classes.png" class="attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image" alt="PowerShell meets Classes" style="height:500px;object-fit:cover;" srcset="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/logo-powershell-meets-classes.png 256w, https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/logo-powershell-meets-classes-150x150.png 150w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 256px) 100vw, 256px" /></figure><p>The post <a href="https://dbavonnebenan.de/powershell-classes-for-beginner-de/">PowerShell Klassen für Anfänger – Strukturierter Code statt Funktions-Chaos</a> first appeared on <a href="https://dbavonnebenan.de">DBA von Nebenan</a>.</p>]]></content:encoded>
					
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		<title>TRUNCATE TABLE &#8211; DDL vs DML &#8211; deep dive in operations and practical tips</title>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Gabriel]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 26 May 2025 13:14:32 +0000</pubDate>
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		<category><![CDATA[TABLE]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[TRANSACTION]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[TRUNCATE]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://dbavonnebenan.de/?p=323</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Recently, I stumbled across a LinkedIn post about truncate vs. delete, just like many others out there. Typically, random members post simple SQL Server tips, nicely packaged in graphics and kept general. Although for beginners this is absolutely legitimate &#8211; since these simple entry points can help many newcomers understand and provide a great starting [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://dbavonnebenan.de/sql-server-truncate-vs-delete-dml-or-ddl-en/">TRUNCATE TABLE – DDL vs DML – deep dive in operations and practical tips</a> first appeared on <a href="https://dbavonnebenan.de">DBA von Nebenan</a>.</p>]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Recently, I stumbled across a LinkedIn post about truncate vs. delete, just like many others out there. Typically, random members post simple SQL Server tips, nicely packaged in graphics and kept general. Although for beginners this is absolutely legitimate &#8211; since<strong> </strong>these simple entry points can help many newcomers understand and provide a great starting point &#8211; nevertheless, the fact that the same topics then go viral across various accounts is clearly another matter entirely.</p>



<p>Anyway. If you&#8217;re a bit further along in the topic and already know that the pronunciation isn&#8217;t &#8222;SQL&#8220; but &#8222;sequel&#8220; <img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/1f60a.png" alt="😊" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" />, you should fundamentally question these posts, as they mostly generalize.</p>



<p>This was also the case in a post about the top 3 SQL mistakes that &#8222;everyone&#8220; makes. And here we are, getting to the point.</p>



<div style="height:32px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>



<figure class="wp-block-image aligncenter size-full"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/posts/samiul-fahim_sql-dataengineering-techtips-activity-7328642722653786112-OBfj?utm_source=share&amp;utm_medium=member_desktop&amp;rcm=ACoAACt1yIMBIZu3k0gdHLx7c_luIAnHYYBMtuc"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="391" height="158" src="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/2025-05-26_09-15.png" alt="TRUNCATE cant rolled back" class="wp-image-324" srcset="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/2025-05-26_09-15.png 391w, https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/2025-05-26_09-15-300x121.png 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 391px) 100vw, 391px" /></a></figure>



<p class="has-text-align-center"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/posts/samiul-fahim_sql-dataengineering-techtips-activity-7328642722653786112-OBfj?utm_source=share&amp;utm_medium=member_desktop&amp;rcm=ACoAACt1yIMBIZu3k0gdHLx7c_luIAnHYYBMtuc" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">LinkedIn</a></p>



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<p>The same happened with <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/vedrankesegic/">Vedran Kesegic</a>, who gave the hint that TRUNCATE is apparently rollback-capable when encapsulated in a transaction. Then <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/saastamoinen/">Carsten Saastamoinen-Jakobsen</a> jumped in and things got wild. So wild that the whole topic hooked me so much that I did a deep dive into it. Furthermore, so much knowledge dropped in this exchange that it would be a shame if it disappeared in a comment section.</p>



<div style="height:32px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">What to expect here</h2>



<p>I compared the exchange and looked at the core statements. I also texted separately with both of them a bit more, and Carsten gave me excerpts from one of his publications where the topic is covered technically.</p>



<p>Technically speaking, both agree, even if they don&#8217;t say it <img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/1f923.png" alt="🤣" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" />. But what was really wild in the end was the question:</p>



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<figure class="wp-block-image aligncenter size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="595" height="159" src="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/ddl_dml.png" alt="DML or DDL ??" class="wp-image-326" srcset="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/ddl_dml.png 595w, https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/ddl_dml-300x80.png 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 595px) 100vw, 595px" /></figure>



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<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="246" height="470" src="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/emotes_standing_1.png" alt="" class="wp-image-330" srcset="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/emotes_standing_1.png 246w, https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/emotes_standing_1-157x300.png 157w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 246px) 100vw, 246px" /></figure>



<p>I can say it upfront. This question is an philosophical one. I was able to form an opinion based on my research, more on that later, but basically it&#8217;s up to everyone to decide for themselves.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>



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<h2 class="wp-block-heading">The Discussion &#8211; DML or DDL ?</h2>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Vedran Kesegic</h3>



<p><strong>Core Position: TRUNCATE is DDL</strong></p>



<blockquote class="wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow">
<p>&#8222;TRUNCATE modifies internal system tables sys.sysallocunits and sys.sysrowsets. DELETE modifies indexes and stats&#8220;</p>
</blockquote>



<blockquote class="wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow">
<p>&#8222;DML writes data (rows in user tables), while DDL writes metadata (rows in system tables, data that describes other/user objects). Truncate happens to write metadata (system tables) and thus is classified as DDL.&#8220;</p>
</blockquote>



<p><strong>Technical Arguments</strong></p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Uses SCH-M (Schema Modification) lock</li>



<li>Modifies system metadata tables</li>



<li>Microsoft documentation classifies it as DDL</li>



<li>Logs page deallocations, not row deletions</li>
</ul>



<p><strong>Key Statement</strong></p>



<blockquote class="wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow">
<p>&#8222;TRUNCATE modifies internal system tables sys.sysallocunits and sys.sysrowsets. DELETE modifies indexes and stats &#8211; see attached&#8220;</p>
</blockquote>



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<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Carsten Saastamoinen-Jakobsen</h3>



<p><strong>Core Position: TRUNCATE is DML</strong></p>



<blockquote class="wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow">
<p>&#8222;It is not an argument to call TRUNCATE a DDL statement because a certain lock is used! When statements are categorized, it must be based on what happens and not how a given database system solves the task.&#8220;</p>
</blockquote>



<blockquote class="wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow">
<p>&#8222;We may have to recognize that a previous error categorization should not continue to call TRUNCATE a DDL, but recognize that it is a DML.&#8220;</p>
</blockquote>



<p><strong>Logical Arguments</strong></p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Data is deleted, structure is preserved</li>



<li>No table definition changes occur</li>



<li>Follows semantic rules of data manipulation</li>



<li>Can delete only some partitions (not all data)</li>
</ul>



<p><strong>Key Statement</strong></p>



<blockquote class="wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow">
<p>&#8222;I say that MS is right in the documentations because they are not telling that TRUNCATE is as DDL, because they know that TRUNCATE is a DML!&#8220;</p>



<p><mark style="background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)" class="has-inline-color has-denary-color"><em>NOTE Gabriel <br></em></mark><em>I think this is really a bit questionable because the documentation is absolutely clear</em> <em>on this point</em> &#8211;&gt; <strong><em>DDL </em></strong>(<a href="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/statements/statements?view=sql-server-ver17#data-definition-language" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">microsoft.com</a>)<br></p>
</blockquote>



<p><strong>Quote from publication</strong></p>



<blockquote class="wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow">
<p>&#8222;As of version 2016, it is possible to delete only some of the data in a table with TRUNCATE, so it is even more cor­rect to call it manipulation than definition, because it is changing some of the data but not changing the structure.&#8220;</p>
</blockquote>



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<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Points of Agreement</h3>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>TRUNCATE can be rolled back in a transaction
<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>general demo at <a href="https://blog.sqlauthority.com/2010/03/04/sql-server-rollback-truncate-command-in-transaction/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">sqlauthority.com</a></li>



<li>deep dive demo <a href="https://www.sqlshack.com/the-internals-of-sql-truncate-and-sql-delete-statements/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">sqlshack.com</a></li>
</ul>
</li>



<li>TRUNCATE is a logged operation</li>



<li>TRUNCATE is faster than DELETE for large datasets</li>



<li>Both understand the technical implementation</li>
</ul>



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<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Core Disagreement</h3>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li><strong>Classification criteria</strong>
<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Implementation details</li>
</ul>
</li>



<li><strong>Authority</strong>
<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Vendor documentation (Vedran) vs. Logical reasoning (Carsten)</li>
</ul>
</li>



<li><strong>Perspective</strong>
<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>How it works internally (Vedran) vs. What it does functionally (Carsten)</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>



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<h3 class="wp-block-heading">My 50 Cent</h3>



<p>So as you can see, technically it fits, but how do you view the whole thing? Maybe it&#8217;s good that I&#8217;m not preloaded with as much knowledge as both of them because from my perspective it&#8217;s quite clear: <strong>DDL!!</strong></p>



<div class="wp-block-group is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-6c531013 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex">
<figure class="wp-block-image size-full is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="292" height="342" src="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/emotes_1.png" alt="" class="wp-image-344" style="width:98px;height:auto" srcset="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/emotes_1.png 292w, https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/emotes_1-256x300.png 256w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 292px) 100vw, 292px" /></figure>



<p>Contrary to Carsten&#8217;s statement that no system tables are changed, Vedran&#8217;s statement is absolutely correct. See why&#8230; </p>
</div>



<p>&#8230; and of course because MS says it&#8217;s DDL <img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/1f60a.png" alt="😊" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /> ( <a href="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/statements/statements?view=sql-server-ver17#data-definition-language" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">microsoft.com</a> )</p>



<p>And partitioning is DML… I don&#8217;t know, here too it&#8217;s at least system columns that define the partitioning.</p>



<p></p>



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<h2 class="wp-block-heading">How TRUNCATE works</h2>



<p>I&#8217;d like to say I&#8217;ll describe it simply, but that&#8217;s just my normal description. The topic is really complex <img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/270c.png" alt="✌" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /></p>



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<h3 class="wp-block-heading">1 &#8211; TRUNCATE Command Initiated</h3>


<div class="wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code "><pre class="brush: sql; title: ; notranslate">
TRUNCATE TABLE dbo.MyTable;
</pre></div>


<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li><strong>First action</strong>: Acquire <strong>SCH-M (Schema Modification)</strong> lock on entire table</li>



<li><strong>Effect</strong>: Table is completely locked &#8211; no reads, no writes, nothing</li>
</ul>



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<h3 class="wp-block-heading">2 &#8211; Identify Extents</h3>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>DEEP DIVE Extents &#8211;&gt; <a href="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/relational-databases/pages-and-extents-architecture-guide?view=sql-server-ver17" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">microsoft.com</a></li>



<li>SQL Server reads IAM pages</li>



<li>Lists all extents belonging to the table</li>



<li><strong>Still holding</strong>: SCH-M lock on table</li>
</ul>



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<h3 class="wp-block-heading">3-  Lock Individual Extents</h3>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Places <strong>X (Exclusive)</strong> locks on each extent</li>



<li>These are regular data locks, NOT schema locks</li>



<li><strong>Now holding</strong>:
<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>SCH-M lock on table (prevents access)</li>



<li>X locks on extents (marks them for deallocation)</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>



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<h3 class="wp-block-heading">4 &#8211; Log the Operation</h3>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Writes to transaction log: &#8222;Deallocate extents 8:8, 8:16, etc.&#8220;</li>



<li><strong>Still holding</strong>: Both lock types</li>
</ul>



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<h3 class="wp-block-heading">5a &#8211; If COMMIT</h3>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Updates IAM &#8211; marks extents as free</li>



<li><strong>Releases</strong> all X locks on extents</li>



<li><strong>Releases</strong> SCH-M lock on table</li>



<li>Table is accessible again</li>
</ul>



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<h3 class="wp-block-heading">5b &#8211; If ROLLBACK</h3>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Discards deallocation markers</li>



<li><strong>Releases</strong> all X locks on extents</li>



<li><strong>Releases</strong> SCH-M lock on table</li>



<li>Everything unchanged</li>
</ul>



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<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Why Two Different Lock Types?</h3>



<p><strong>SCH-M Lock:</strong></p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>&#8222;Nobody touch this table AT ALL&#8220;</li>



<li>Typical for DDL operations</li>



<li>Prevents even metadata queries</li>
</ul>



<p><strong>X Locks on Extents:</strong></p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>&#8222;These specific data blocks are being modified&#8220;</li>



<li>Typical for data operations</li>



<li>Ensures extents aren&#8217;t reused until commit/rollback by other sessions</li>
</ul>



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<h3 class="wp-block-heading">My humble Opinion</h3>



<p>Given this knowledge, the case is actually clear for me, but how do you see it? Indeed, here no user data is being manipulated; instead, system-level assignments are being adjusted. Consequently, I&#8217;ll allow myself, despite my new half-knowledge, to make the following comparison:</p>



<div class="wp-block-group is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-6c531013 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex">
<figure class="wp-block-image size-full is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="307" height="328" src="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/emotes_2.png" alt="" class="wp-image-345" style="width:131px;height:auto" srcset="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/emotes_2.png 307w, https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/emotes_2-281x300.png 281w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 307px) 100vw, 307px" /></figure>



<p>&#8222;I also don&#8217;t say I&#8217;m deleting text in a Word document when I quick format the disk and only delete the block allocation.&#8220;</p>
</div>



<p><br>Yes, I think that&#8217;s a nice comparison&#8230; Case closed, now a few technically interesting aspects and solutions</p>



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<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Technical Part, Hacks and How2</h2>



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<figure class="wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="643" height="388" src="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/meme_trunc.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-348" style="width:325px;height:auto" srcset="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/meme_trunc.jpg 643w, https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/meme_trunc-300x181.jpg 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 643px) 100vw, 643px" /></figure>



<p class="has-text-align-center has-medium-font-size">&#8230; practical, not technical <img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/1f609.png" alt="😉" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /></p>



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<h3 class="wp-block-heading">TRUNCATE with Survivor Table (Temporary Table)</h3>



<p>Data that is still required is simply moved to a temporary table and retrieved after TRUNCATE</p>


<div class="wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code "><pre class="brush: sql; title: ; notranslate">
-- Step 1: Create temp table with rows to keep
	SELECT * INTO #SurvivorRows 
	FROM 
		MyTable 
	WHERE
		DateColumn &gt;= &#039;2024-01-01&#039;

-- Step 2: Truncate the entire table
	TRUNCATE TABLE MyTable

-- Step 3: Re-insert survivor rows
	INSERT INTO MyTable
	SELECT * FROM #SurvivorRows

-- Step 4: Clean up
	DROP TABLE #SurvivorRows
</pre></div>


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<h3 class="wp-block-heading">TRUNCATE with PARTITION option (2016++)</h3>



<p>Since SQL Server 2016 (every edition) it is possible to specify partitions or ranges of partitions</p>


<div class="wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code "><pre class="brush: sql; title: ; notranslate">
-- Truncate specific partitions
	TRUNCATE TABLE MyPartitionedTable 
	     WITH (PARTITIONS (2, 4 TO 6))

-- Check partition status
	SELECT 
		 partition_number
		,rows 
	FROM
		sys.partitions 
	WHERE 
		OBJECT_NAME(OBJECT_ID) = &#039;MyPartitionedTable&#039;
</pre></div>


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<h3 class="wp-block-heading">TRUNCATE is always a transaction&#8230;</h3>



<p>&#8230;. and must be considered during RESTORING. Carsten illustrated this whole thing very nicely in his publication. I&#8217;m just describing it, that has to suffice at this point <img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/1f61d.png" alt="😝" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /></p>



<p>Even though we only write <strong>TRUNCATE TABLE</strong>, SQL Server still uses <strong>BEGIN</strong> and <strong>COMMIT TRANSACTION</strong>, which of course is recorded in the TLog. Accordingly, during a POINT IN TIME RECOVERY, the data in the table remains available until the TLog with the corresponding TRANSACTION is restored, or the time of the TRUNCATE transaction has been exceeded.</p>



<p>So you can also restore the data <img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/1f44c.png" alt="👌" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /></p>



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<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Continuously read Transaction log file data with fn_dblog and fn_dump_dblog</h3>



<p>Vedran wrote in one of his posts that there&#8217;s an undocumented function where you can read log records at runtime. There&#8217;s also a very cool article about this on sqlshack.com</p>



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<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity"/>



<p class="has-text-align-center"><em><mark style="background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)" class="has-inline-color has-septenary-color">NOT recommended for production but only for test / education.</mark></em></p>



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https://www.sqlshack.com/how-to-continuously-read-transaction-log-file-data-directly-in-a-sql-server-database-with-fn_dblog-and-fn_dump_dblog/


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<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Finally</h2>



<div class="wp-block-group is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-6c531013 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex">
<figure class="wp-block-image size-full is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="284" height="334" src="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/emotes_3.png" alt="" class="wp-image-355" style="width:124px;height:auto" srcset="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/emotes_3.png 284w, https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/emotes_3-255x300.png 255w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 284px) 100vw, 284px" /></figure>



<p>Let&#8217;s get to my initially mentioned point that all these SQL Server tips from randoms should be questioned. Because the statement that <strong>truncate is not rollback safe</strong> is simply wrong. The path to this realization was long for me, initiated by the conversation between Vedran and Carsten. I really learned a lot left and right, which I also wanted to record here again for posterity.</p>
</div>



<p>In the end, it doesn&#8217;t matter whether it&#8217;s <strong>DDL</strong> or <strong>DML</strong>. In the general SQL Server standard, for example, it&#8217;s described as DML, most RDBMSs in dialect with DDL. We&#8217;ll just agree on <strong>DDL</strong> and that&#8217;s it. Much more exciting is what happens under the hood.</p>



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<p><strong>Best comment from Vedran <img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/1f923.png" alt="🤣" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /></strong></p>



<blockquote class="wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow">
<p class="has-overpass-mono-font-family">&#8222;Or you are trying to argue with SQL Certified Master about SQL? Good luck Mr :)&#8220;</p>
</blockquote>



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<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Links from the text</h2>


https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/statements/statements?view=sql-server-ver17#data-definition-language

https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/statements/truncate-table-transact-sql?view=sql-server-ver17

https://blog.sqlauthority.com/2010/03/04/sql-server-rollback-truncate-command-in-transaction/

https://www.sqlshack.com/the-internals-of-sql-truncate-and-sql-delete-statements/

https://www.sqlshack.com/how-to-continuously-read-transaction-log-file-data-directly-in-a-sql-server-database-with-fn_dblog-and-fn_dump_dblog/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truncate_(SQL)

https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/relational-databases/pages-and-extents-architecture-guide?view=sql-server-ver17


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<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Full Conversation</h2>



<details class="wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow"><summary>Expand</summary>
<p><strong>Vedran Kesegic</strong></p>



<p>In sql server, truncate can be rolled back (if encapsulated within transaction). It is a logged operation.</p>



<p><strong>Carsten Saastamoinen-Jakobsen</strong></p>



<p>With DELETE we can specify the WHERE clause and some or all rows can be removed. All deleted rows are logged with BEFORE IMAGE/the data values. With TRUNCATE we can delete all rows or only the rows in one or more partitions, if we have a partition table. The only information logged is the pageid. The physical removing/releasing to unused pages happens in a background task after COMMIT. No data is stored in the log, so less and faster! And it is not possible to restore to point in time because no data is logged. The pageid in the log can already have being &#8218;released&#8216; to unused pages and therefore already used to data from another object &#8211; table/index. Before COMMIT the pages is still allocated to the table and still with data. If no explicit transaction is specified the transaction is already committed!</p>



<p><strong>Vedran Kesegic</strong></p>



<p>&#8222;No data is stored in the log&#8220; and &#8222;not possible to restore to point in time&#8220; is both incorrect for TRUNCATE. The difference is, truncate logs only deallocation of pages, which is multiple orders of magnitude less (basically insignifficant) compared to DELETE which logs data that is deleted. That is why truncate is &#8222;instant&#8220;. If you delete eg. 10GB of data, you wait for 10GB to be written to transaction log, which takes time. Truncate logs maybe 1KB for deallocation info, which is instant. If you do not want to delete all rows, you can still use TRUNCATE by storing survivor rows aside before truncating, and inserting them back after truncate. Even better, you can use SWITCH into some dummy table (even with not-partitioned tables) to remove rows quickly, and then insert survivor rows back from that dummy into original table. That is the fastest way to delete when a smaller percent of rows needs to survive.</p>



<p><strong>Vedran Kesegic</strong></p>



<p>Obvious difference is that truncate removes all rows from table (&#8222;truncate table&#8220;) or from partition(s), when using &#8222;trancate table xy with partitions (&#8230;)&#8220;. You cannot choose which rows to delete, they all are gone. With delete you can have a WHERE clause to choose which rows to delete. Delete is more appropriate if you need to delete a small percentage of table rows (or partition rows).</p>



<p><strong>Vedran Kesegic</strong></p>



<p>Truncate is a metadata operation, requires a different lock (SCH_M, schema modification lock). If also has some restrictins regarding foreign keys etc. Check the documentation for the list of limitations: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/statements/truncate-table-transact-sql</p>



<p><strong>Carsten Saastamoinen-Jakobsen</strong></p>



<p>It is not an argument to call TRUNCATE a DDL statement because a certain lock is used! When statements are categorized, it must be based on what happens and not how a given database system solves the task. Data is deleted, the structure is preserved and only some data may be deleted. When one or more partitions are deleted, the condition is also well-known, but just limited. In previous versions of database systems &#8211; and perhaps still &#8211; a TRUNCATE was performed by a DROP TABLE + CREATE TABLE. Hence DDL rights. It just shows that it is problematic to categorize based on how it is performed and not based on what actually happens. If we look at the documentation for SQL Server, it is not mentioned that TRUNCATE is a DDL. We may have to recognize that a previous error categorization should not continue to call TRUNCATE a DDL, but recognize that it is a DML. We will also be free from erroneous claims about only deleting all rows, that space is not released, that the transaction cannot be rolled back, &#8230;. A DELETE operation without a user-defined transaction cannot be rolled back either! But DELETE is DML and not DDL. TRUNCATE is &#8218;created&#8216; for having af fast way of deleting rows, and extended for only deleting some of the rows &#8211; DML!!!</p>



<p><strong>Vedran Kesegic</strong></p>



<p>No, the SCH-M lock (the &#8222;king of all locks&#8220;) is not the sole reason why TRUNCATE is DDL. DML writes data (rows in user tables), while DDL writes metadata (rows in system tables, data that describes other/user objects). Truncate happens to write metadata (system tables) and thus is classified as DDL. See the doc: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/sql/sql-server-2012/ff848799(v=sql.110)</p>



<p><strong>Carsten Saastamoinen-Jakobsen</strong></p>



<p>Can you tell which data is written to the system tables that is not written when removing rows by DELETE? The only additional information is, that with TRUNCATE of all rows without specifying partitions is, that the &#8218;identity&#8216; is reset to the initial values. Removing some or all rows with specifying partitions, this value is not reset to the initial value. Empty page are handled in the same way as empty page after DELETE! All indexes are preserved, the table definition is NOT changed, &#8230;.</p>



<p><strong>Vedran Kesegic</strong></p>



<p>Better than that &#8211; you can see for yourself! The exact difference and details are present in transaction log records after you do TRUNCATE and compare that to log records that DELETE generates. Use fn_dblog() function, but only on the test system because it is undocumented and might have an impact.</p>



<p>Or you are trying to say that Microsoft is wrong in documentation? If so, report it to MS so doc can be fixed. But in this case there is nothing to fix.</p>



<p>Or you are trying to argue with SQL Certified Master about SQL? Good luck Mr <img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/1f642.png" alt="🙂" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /></p>



<p><strong>Carsten Saastamoinen-Jakobsen</strong></p>



<p>I say that MS is right in the documentations because they are not telling that TRUNCATE is as DDL, because they know that TRUNCATE is a DML!. Of course there is less in the log &#8211; it is the idea wit TRUNCATE!!!!!!!! Just te functionality and te reason for implementing TRUNCATE as an alternative to DELETE. But the log is NOT the system tables!!!!! So please tell which system tables are updated as they are updated when CRAETE, ALTER and DROP but NOT updated when INSERT, DELETE or UPDATE.</p>



<p><strong>Vedran Kesegic</strong></p>



<p>TRUNCATE modifies internal system tables sys.sysallocunits and sys.sysrowsets. DELETE modifies indexes and stats &#8211; see attached pictures. You could do that yourself using fn_dblog as instructed, but I did that for you so you don&#8217;t have to. If you want to know more about deep SQL Server internals you can attend one of my trainings, or trainings of other SQL Masters like Brent Ozar, Paul Randal (sqlskills), etc.</p>



<p><strong>Carsten Saastamoinen-Jakobsen</strong></p>



<p>Of course they are modified as INSERT DELETE and UPDATE modify this informations. But INSERT, DELETE and UPDATE are still only DML and not DDL. And I am not impressed of your job by showing me this information. If you was showing the same for the other DML statements it would be fine. So maybe you should modify your course material and also shows the same for the other DML statements!!!!</p>
</details>



<p></p><p>The post <a href="https://dbavonnebenan.de/sql-server-truncate-vs-delete-dml-or-ddl-en/">TRUNCATE TABLE – DDL vs DML – deep dive in operations and practical tips</a> first appeared on <a href="https://dbavonnebenan.de">DBA von Nebenan</a>.</p>]]></content:encoded>
					
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		<title>TRUNCATE TABLE Operationen im Detail &#8211; ROLLBACK ist doch möglich</title>
		<link>https://dbavonnebenan.de/sql-server-truncate-vs-delete-dml-or-ddl-de/</link>
					<comments>https://dbavonnebenan.de/sql-server-truncate-vs-delete-dml-or-ddl-de/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Gabriel]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 26 May 2025 08:16:15 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Sql Server]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[TSql]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[DE]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[PERFORMANCE]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ROLLBACK]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[TABLE]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[TRANSACTION]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[TRUNCATE]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://dbavonnebenan.de/?p=428</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Kürzlich bin ich über einen LinkedIn-Post zu TRUNCATE vs. DELETE gestolpert, wie so viele andere auch. Typischerweise posten zufällige Mitglieder einfache SQL Server Tipps, schön verpackt in Grafiken und allgemein gehalten. Obwohl das für Anfänger absolut legitim ist &#8211; da diese einfachen Einstiegspunkte vielen Neulingen helfen können zu verstehen und einen großartigen Startpunkt bieten &#8211; [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://dbavonnebenan.de/sql-server-truncate-vs-delete-dml-or-ddl-de/">TRUNCATE TABLE Operationen im Detail – ROLLBACK ist doch möglich</a> first appeared on <a href="https://dbavonnebenan.de">DBA von Nebenan</a>.</p>]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Kürzlich bin ich über einen LinkedIn-Post zu TRUNCATE vs. DELETE gestolpert, wie so viele andere auch. Typischerweise posten zufällige Mitglieder einfache SQL Server Tipps, schön verpackt in Grafiken und allgemein gehalten. Obwohl das für Anfänger absolut legitim ist &#8211; da<strong> </strong>diese einfachen Einstiegspunkte vielen Neulingen helfen können zu verstehen und einen großartigen Startpunkt bieten &#8211; ist die Tatsache, dass dieselben Themen dann viral über verschiedene Accounts gehen, klar eine ganz andere Sache.</p>



<p>Wie auch immer. Wenn du beim Thema schon etwas weiter bist und bereits weißt, dass die Aussprache nicht &#8222;SQL&#8220; sondern &#8222;Sequel&#8220; ist <img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/1f60a.png" alt="😊" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" />, solltest du diese Posts grundsätzlich hinterfragen, da sie meist verallgemeinern.</p>



<p>So war es auch bei einem Post über die Top 3 SQL-Fehler, die &#8222;jeder&#8220; macht. Und hier kommen wir zum Punkt &#8211; TRUNCATE TABLE und seine Besonderheiten.</p>



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<figure class="wp-block-image aligncenter size-full"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/posts/samiul-fahim_sql-dataengineering-techtips-activity-7328642722653786112-OBfj?utm_source=share&amp;utm_medium=member_desktop&amp;rcm=ACoAACt1yIMBIZu3k0gdHLx7c_luIAnHYYBMtuc"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="391" height="158" src="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/2025-05-26_09-15.png" alt="TRUNCATE kann nicht zurückgerollt werden" class="wp-image-324" srcset="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/2025-05-26_09-15.png 391w, https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/2025-05-26_09-15-300x121.png 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 391px) 100vw, 391px" /></a></figure>



<p class="has-text-align-center"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/posts/samiul-fahim_sql-dataengineering-techtips-activity-7328642722653786112-OBfj?utm_source=share&amp;utm_medium=member_desktop&amp;rcm=ACoAACt1yIMBIZu3k0gdHLx7c_luIAnHYYBMtuc" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">LinkedIn</a></p>



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<p>Dasselbe passierte mit <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/vedrankesegic/">Vedran Kesegic</a>, der den Hinweis gab, dass TRUNCATE TABLE anscheinend rollback-fähig ist, wenn es in einer Transaktion gekapselt wird. Dann sprang <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/saastamoinen/">Carsten Saastamoinen-Jakobsen</a> ein und die Sache wurde wild. So wild, dass mich das ganze Thema dermaßen gepackt hat, dass ich einen Deep Dive gemacht habe. Außerdem fiel in diesem Austausch so viel Wissen ab, dass es schade wäre, wenn es in einem Kommentarbereich verschwindet.</p>



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<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Was dich hier erwartet &#8211; TRUNCATE TABLE im Detail</h2>



<p>Ich habe den Austausch verglichen und mir die Kernaussagen angeschaut. Ich habe auch separat mit beiden etwas mehr getextet, und Carsten gab mir Auszüge aus einer seiner Publikationen, wo das Thema technisch behandelt wird.</p>



<p>Technisch gesehen sind sich beide einig, auch wenn sie es nicht sagen <img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/1f923.png" alt="🤣" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" />. Aber was am Ende wirklich wild war, war die Frage zum TRUNCATE TABLE Befehl:</p>



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<figure class="wp-block-image aligncenter size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="595" height="159" src="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/ddl_dml.png" alt="DML oder DDL - TRUNCATE TABLE Klassifizierung" class="wp-image-326" srcset="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/ddl_dml.png 595w, https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/ddl_dml-300x80.png 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 595px) 100vw, 595px" /></figure>



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<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="246" height="470" src="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/emotes_standing_1.png" alt="" class="wp-image-330" srcset="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/emotes_standing_1.png 246w, https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/emotes_standing_1-157x300.png 157w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 246px) 100vw, 246px" /></figure>



<p>Ich kann es vorwegnehmen. Diese Frage zur TRUNCATE TABLE Klassifizierung ist eine philosophische. Ich konnte mir basierend auf meiner Recherche eine Meinung bilden, mehr dazu später, aber grundsätzlich liegt es an jedem selbst zu entscheiden.</p>
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<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Die Diskussion &#8211; TRUNCATE TABLE als DML oder DDL?</h2>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Vedran Kesegic</h3>



<p><strong>Kernposition: TRUNCATE TABLE ist DDL</strong></p>



<blockquote class="wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow">
<p>&#8222;TRUNCATE modifies internal system tables sys.sysallocunits and sys.sysrowsets. DELETE modifies indexes and stats&#8220;</p>
</blockquote>



<blockquote class="wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow">
<p>&#8222;DML writes data (rows in user tables), while DDL writes metadata (rows in system tables, data that describes other/user objects). Truncate happens to write metadata (system tables) and thus is classified as DDL.&#8220;</p>
</blockquote>



<p><strong>Technische Argumente für TRUNCATE TABLE als DDL</strong></p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Verwendet SCH-M (Schema Modification) Lock</li>



<li>Modifiziert System-Metadaten-Tabellen</li>



<li>Microsoft-Dokumentation klassifiziert es als DDL</li>



<li>Loggt Page-Deallocations, nicht Row-Deletions</li>
</ul>



<p><strong>Kernaussage zum TRUNCATE TABLE Befehl</strong></p>



<blockquote class="wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow">
<p>&#8222;TRUNCATE modifies internal system tables sys.sysallocunits and sys.sysrowsets. DELETE modifies indexes and stats &#8211; see attached&#8220;</p>
</blockquote>



<div style="height:50px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Carsten Saastamoinen-Jakobsen</h3>



<p><strong>Kernposition: TRUNCATE TABLE ist DML</strong></p>



<blockquote class="wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow">
<p>&#8222;It is not an argument to call TRUNCATE a DDL statement because a certain lock is used! When statements are categorized, it must be based on what happens and not how a given database system solves the task.&#8220;</p>
</blockquote>



<blockquote class="wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow">
<p>&#8222;We may have to recognize that a previous error categorization should not continue to call TRUNCATE a DDL, but recognize that it is a DML.&#8220;</p>
</blockquote>



<p><strong>Logische Argumente für TRUNCATE TABLE als DML</strong></p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Daten werden gelöscht, Struktur bleibt erhalten</li>



<li>Keine Änderungen an der Tabellendefinition</li>



<li>Folgt semantischen Regeln der Datenmanipulation</li>



<li>Kann nur bestimmte Partitionen löschen (nicht alle Daten)</li>
</ul>



<p><strong>Kernaussage zur TRUNCATE TABLE Klassifizierung</strong></p>



<blockquote class="wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow">
<p>&#8222;I say that MS is right in the documentations because they are not telling that TRUNCATE is as DDL, because they know that TRUNCATE is a DML!&#8220;</p>



<p><mark style="background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)" class="has-inline-color has-denary-color"><em>ANMERKUNG Gabriel <br></em></mark><em>Ich denke, das ist wirklich etwas fragwürdig, weil die Dokumentation absolut klar</em> <em>zu diesem Punkt ist</em> &#8211;&gt; <strong><em>DDL </em></strong>(<a href="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/statements/statements?view=sql-server-ver17#data-definition-language" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">microsoft.com</a>)<br></p>
</blockquote>



<p><strong>Zitat aus der Publikation zum TRUNCATE TABLE</strong></p>



<blockquote class="wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow">
<p>&#8222;As of version 2016, it is possible to delete only some of the data in a table with TRUNCATE, so it is even more cor­rect to call it manipulation than definition, because it is changing some of the data but not changing the structure.&#8220;</p>
</blockquote>



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<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Einigungspunkte bei TRUNCATE TABLE</h3>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>TRUNCATE TABLE kann in einer Transaktion zurückgerollt werden
<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>allgemeine Demo bei <a href="https://blog.sqlauthority.com/2010/03/04/sql-server-rollback-truncate-command-in-transaction/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">sqlauthority.com</a></li>



<li>detaillierte Demo <a href="https://www.sqlshack.com/the-internals-of-sql-truncate-and-sql-delete-statements/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">sqlshack.com</a></li>
</ul>
</li>



<li>TRUNCATE TABLE ist eine geloggte Operation</li>



<li>TRUNCATE TABLE ist schneller als DELETE bei großen Datensätzen</li>



<li>Beide verstehen die technische Implementierung</li>
</ul>



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<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Hauptstreitpunkt bei TRUNCATE TABLE</h3>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li><strong>Klassifizierungskriterien für TRUNCATE TABLE</strong>
<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Implementierungsdetails</li>
</ul>
</li>



<li><strong>Autorität</strong>
<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Vendor-Dokumentation (Vedran) vs. Logische Begründung (Carsten)</li>
</ul>
</li>



<li><strong>Perspektive zum TRUNCATE TABLE Befehl</strong>
<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Wie es intern funktioniert (Vedran) vs. Was es funktional macht (Carsten)</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>



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<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Meine Einschätzung zu TRUNCATE TABLE</h3>



<p>Wie du siehst, passt es technisch, aber wie betrachtest du das Ganze? Vielleicht ist es gut, dass ich nicht mit so viel Wissen vorab beladen bin wie beide, denn aus meiner Sicht ist es ziemlich klar: <strong>TRUNCATE TABLE ist DDL!!</strong></p>



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<figure class="wp-block-image size-full is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="292" height="342" src="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/emotes_1.png" alt="" class="wp-image-344" style="width:98px;height:auto" srcset="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/emotes_1.png 292w, https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/emotes_1-256x300.png 256w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 292px) 100vw, 292px" /></figure>



<p>Entgegen Carstens Aussage, dass keine Systemtabellen geändert werden, ist Vedrans Aussage absolut korrekt. Sieh warum&#8230; </p>
</div>



<p>&#8230; und natürlich weil Microsoft sagt, dass TRUNCATE TABLE DDL ist <img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/1f60a.png" alt="😊" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /> ( <a href="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/statements/statements?view=sql-server-ver17#data-definition-language" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">microsoft.com</a> )</p>



<p>Und Partitionierung ist DML… ich weiß nicht, auch hier sind es zumindest Systemspalten, die die Partitionierung definieren.</p>



<p></p>



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<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Wie TRUNCATE TABLE funktioniert &#8211; Schritt für Schritt</h2>



<p>Ich würde gerne sagen, dass ich es einfach beschreibe, aber das ist einfach meine normale Beschreibung. Das Thema TRUNCATE TABLE ist wirklich komplex <img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/270c.png" alt="✌" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /></p>



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<h3 class="wp-block-heading">1 &#8211; TRUNCATE TABLE Befehl initiiert</h3>


<div class="wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code "><pre class="brush: sql; title: ; notranslate">
TRUNCATE TABLE dbo.MyTable;
</pre></div>


<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li><strong>Erste Aktion</strong>: Akquiriert <strong>SCH-M (Schema Modification)</strong> Lock auf gesamte Tabelle</li>



<li><strong>Effekt</strong>: Tabelle ist komplett gesperrt &#8211; keine Reads, keine Writes, nichts</li>
</ul>



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<h3 class="wp-block-heading">2 &#8211; Extents identifizieren bei TRUNCATE TABLE</h3>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>DEEP DIVE Extents &#8211;&gt; <a href="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/relational-databases/pages-and-extents-architecture-guide?view=sql-server-ver17" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">microsoft.com</a></li>



<li>SQL Server liest IAM-Pages</li>



<li>Listet alle Extents auf, die zur Tabelle gehören</li>



<li><strong>Hält weiterhin</strong>: SCH-M Lock auf Tabelle</li>
</ul>



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<h3 class="wp-block-heading">3 &#8211; Einzelne Extents bei TRUNCATE TABLE sperren</h3>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Platziert <strong>X (Exclusive)</strong> Locks auf jeden Extent</li>



<li>Das sind reguläre Data-Locks, KEINE Schema-Locks</li>



<li><strong>Hält jetzt</strong>:
<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>SCH-M Lock auf Tabelle (verhindert Zugriff)</li>



<li>X Locks auf Extents (markiert sie für Deallocation)</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>



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<h3 class="wp-block-heading">4 &#8211; TRUNCATE TABLE Operation loggen</h3>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Schreibt ins Transaction-Log: &#8222;Deallocate extents 8:8, 8:16, etc.&#8220;</li>



<li><strong>Hält weiterhin</strong>: Beide Lock-Typen</li>
</ul>



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<h3 class="wp-block-heading">5a &#8211; Bei COMMIT der TRUNCATE TABLE Operation</h3>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Aktualisiert IAM &#8211; markiert Extents als frei</li>



<li><strong>Gibt frei</strong> alle X Locks auf Extents</li>



<li><strong>Gibt frei</strong> SCH-M Lock auf Tabelle</li>



<li>Tabelle ist wieder zugänglich</li>
</ul>



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<h3 class="wp-block-heading">5b &#8211; Bei ROLLBACK der TRUNCATE TABLE Operation</h3>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Verwirft Deallocation-Marker</li>



<li><strong>Gibt frei</strong> alle X Locks auf Extents</li>



<li><strong>Gibt frei</strong> SCH-M Lock auf Tabelle</li>



<li>Alles bleibt unverändert</li>
</ul>



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<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Warum zwei verschiedene Lock-Typen bei TRUNCATE TABLE?</h3>



<p><strong>SCH-M Lock:</strong></p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>&#8222;Niemand rührt diese Tabelle ÜBERHAUPT an&#8220;</li>



<li>Typisch für DDL-Operationen</li>



<li>Verhindert sogar Metadaten-Abfragen</li>
</ul>



<p><strong>X Locks auf Extents:</strong></p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>&#8222;Diese spezifischen Datenblöcke werden modifiziert&#8220;</li>



<li>Typisch für Daten-Operationen</li>



<li>Stellt sicher, dass Extents nicht von anderen Sessions wiederverwendet werden bis commit/rollback</li>
</ul>



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<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Meine bescheidene Meinung zu TRUNCATE TABLE</h3>



<p>Mit diesem Wissen ist der Fall eigentlich klar für mich, aber wie siehst du es? Tatsächlich werden hier keine Benutzerdaten manipuliert; stattdessen werden System-Level-Zuweisungen angepasst. Folglich erlaube ich mir, trotz meines neuen Halbwissens, den folgenden Vergleich zu ziehen:</p>



<div class="wp-block-group is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-6c531013 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex">
<figure class="wp-block-image size-full is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="307" height="328" src="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/emotes_2.png" alt="" class="wp-image-345" style="width:131px;height:auto" srcset="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/emotes_2.png 307w, https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/emotes_2-281x300.png 281w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 307px) 100vw, 307px" /></figure>



<p>&#8222;Ich sage auch nicht, dass ich Text in einem Word-Dokument lösche, wenn ich die Festplatte schnell formatiere und nur die Block-Allocation lösche.&#8220;</p>
</div>



<p><br>Ja, ich denke das ist ein schöner Vergleich&#8230; Fall abgeschlossen, jetzt ein paar technisch interessante Aspekte und Lösungen zum TRUNCATE TABLE Befehl</p>



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<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Technischer Teil, Hacks und TRUNCATE TABLE How-To</h2>



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<figure class="wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="643" height="388" src="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/meme_trunc.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-348" style="width:325px;height:auto" srcset="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/meme_trunc.jpg 643w, https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/meme_trunc-300x181.jpg 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 643px) 100vw, 643px" /></figure>



<p class="has-text-align-center has-medium-font-size">&#8230; praktisch, nicht technisch <img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/1f609.png" alt="😉" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /></p>



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<h3 class="wp-block-heading">TRUNCATE TABLE mit Survivor Table (Temporary Table)</h3>



<p>Daten, die noch benötigt werden, werden einfach in eine temporäre Tabelle verschoben und nach TRUNCATE TABLE wieder abgerufen</p>


<div class="wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code "><pre class="brush: sql; title: ; notranslate">
-- Step 1: Create temp table with rows to keep
	SELECT * INTO #SurvivorRows 
	FROM 
		MyTable 
	WHERE
		DateColumn &gt;= &#039;2024-01-01&#039;

-- Step 2: Truncate the entire table
	TRUNCATE TABLE MyTable

-- Step 3: Re-insert survivor rows
	INSERT INTO MyTable
	SELECT * FROM #SurvivorRows

-- Step 4: Clean up
	DROP TABLE #SurvivorRows
</pre></div>


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<h3 class="wp-block-heading">TRUNCATE TABLE mit PARTITION Option (2016++)</h3>



<p>Seit SQL Server 2016 (jede Edition) ist es möglich, Partitionen oder Bereiche von Partitionen bei TRUNCATE TABLE zu spezifizieren</p>


<div class="wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code "><pre class="brush: sql; title: ; notranslate">
-- Truncate specific partitions
	TRUNCATE TABLE MyPartitionedTable 
	     WITH (PARTITIONS (2, 4 TO 6))

-- Check partition status
	SELECT 
		 partition_number
		,rows 
	FROM
		sys.partitions 
	WHERE 
		OBJECT_NAME(OBJECT_ID) = &#039;MyPartitionedTable&#039;
</pre></div>


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<h3 class="wp-block-heading">TRUNCATE TABLE ist immer eine Transaktion&#8230;</h3>



<p>&#8230;. und muss beim RESTORE berücksichtigt werden. Carsten hat das ganze sehr schön in seiner Publikation illustriert. Ich beschreibe es nur, das muss an dieser Stelle reichen <img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/1f61d.png" alt="😝" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /></p>



<p>Obwohl wir nur <strong>TRUNCATE TABLE</strong> schreiben, verwendet SQL Server trotzdem <strong>BEGIN</strong> und <strong>COMMIT TRANSACTION</strong>, was natürlich im TLog aufgezeichnet wird. Entsprechend bleiben bei einer POINT IN TIME RECOVERY die Daten in der Tabelle verfügbar, bis das TLog mit der entsprechenden TRANSACTION wiederhergestellt wird, oder die Zeit der TRUNCATE TABLE Transaktion überschritten wurde.</p>



<p>Du kannst also auch die Daten wiederherstellen <img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/1f44c.png" alt="👌" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /></p>



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<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Transaction Log File Daten kontinuierlich lesen mit fn_dblog und fn_dump_dblog</h3>



<p>Vedran schrieb in einem seiner Posts, dass es eine undokumentierte Funktion gibt, wo du Log-Records zur Laufzeit lesen kannst. Es gibt auch einen sehr coolen Artikel dazu auf sqlshack.com</p>



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<p class="has-text-align-center"><em><mark style="background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)" class="has-inline-color has-septenary-color">NICHT empfohlen für Produktion, sondern nur für Test / Bildung.</mark></em></p>



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https://www.sqlshack.com/how-to-continuously-read-transaction-log-file-data-directly-in-a-sql-server-database-with-fn_dblog-and-fn_dump_dblog/


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<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Fazit zu TRUNCATE TABLE</h2>



<div class="wp-block-group is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-6c531013 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex">
<figure class="wp-block-image size-full is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="284" height="334" src="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/emotes_3.png" alt="" class="wp-image-355" style="width:124px;height:auto" srcset="https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/emotes_3.png 284w, https://dbavonnebenan.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/emotes_3-255x300.png 255w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 284px) 100vw, 284px" /></figure>



<p>Kommen wir zu meinem eingangs erwähnten Punkt, dass all diese SQL Server Tipps von randoms hinterfragt werden sollten. Denn die Aussage, dass <strong>TRUNCATE TABLE nicht rollback-sicher</strong> ist, ist schlichtweg falsch. Der Weg zu dieser Erkenntnis war für mich lang, eingeleitet durch die Unterhaltung zwischen Vedran und Carsten. Ich habe wirklich viel links und rechts dazugelernt, was ich auch hier nochmal für die Nachwelt festhalten wollte.</p>
</div>



<p>Am Ende ist es egal, ob TRUNCATE TABLE <strong>DDL</strong> oder <strong>DML</strong> ist. Im allgemeinen SQL Server Standard wird es beispielsweise als DML beschrieben, die meisten RDBMSs im Dialekt mit DDL. Wir einigen uns einfach auf <strong>DDL</strong> und gut ist. Viel spannender ist, was unter der Haube beim TRUNCATE TABLE Befehl passiert.</p>



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<p><strong>Bester Kommentar von Vedran <img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/1f923.png" alt="🤣" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /></strong></p>



<blockquote class="wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow">
<p class="has-overpass-mono-font-family">&#8222;Or you are trying to argue with SQL Certified Master about SQL? Good luck Mr :)&#8220;</p>
</blockquote>



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<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Links aus dem Text</h2>


https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/statements/statements?view=sql-server-ver17#data-definition-language

https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/statements/truncate-table-transact-sql?view=sql-server-ver17

https://blog.sqlauthority.com/2010/03/04/sql-server-rollback-truncate-command-in-transaction/

https://www.sqlshack.com/the-internals-of-sql-truncate-and-sql-delete-statements/

https://www.sqlshack.com/how-to-continuously-read-transaction-log-file-data-directly-in-a-sql-server-database-with-fn_dblog-and-fn_dump_dblog/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truncate_(SQL)

https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/relational-databases/pages-and-extents-architecture-guide?view=sql-server-ver17


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<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Full Conversation</h2>



<details class="wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow"><summary>Expand</summary>
<p><strong>Vedran Kesegic</strong></p>



<p>In sql server, truncate can be rolled back (if encapsulated within transaction). It is a logged operation.</p>



<p><strong>Carsten Saastamoinen-Jakobsen</strong></p>



<p>With DELETE we can specify the WHERE clause and some or all rows can be removed. All deleted rows are logged with BEFORE IMAGE/the data values. With TRUNCATE we can delete all rows or only the rows in one or more partitions, if we have a partition table. The only information logged is the pageid. The physical removing/releasing to unused pages happens in a background task after COMMIT. No data is stored in the log, so less and faster! And it is not possible to restore to point in time because no data is logged. The pageid in the log can already have being &#8218;released&#8216; to unused pages and therefore already used to data from another object &#8211; table/index. Before COMMIT the pages is still allocated to the table and still with data. If no explicit transaction is specified the transaction is already committed!</p>



<p><strong>Vedran Kesegic</strong></p>



<p>&#8222;No data is stored in the log&#8220; and &#8222;not possible to restore to point in time&#8220; is both incorrect for TRUNCATE. The difference is, truncate logs only deallocation of pages, which is multiple orders of magnitude less (basically insignifficant) compared to DELETE which logs data that is deleted. That is why truncate is &#8222;instant&#8220;. If you delete eg. 10GB of data, you wait for 10GB to be written to transaction log, which takes time. Truncate logs maybe 1KB for deallocation info, which is instant. If you do not want to delete all rows, you can still use TRUNCATE by storing survivor rows aside before truncating, and inserting them back after truncate. Even better, you can use SWITCH into some dummy table (even with not-partitioned tables) to remove rows quickly, and then insert survivor rows back from that dummy into original table. That is the fastest way to delete when a smaller percent of rows needs to survive.</p>



<p><strong>Vedran Kesegic</strong></p>



<p>Obvious difference is that truncate removes all rows from table (&#8222;truncate table&#8220;) or from partition(s), when using &#8222;trancate table xy with partitions (&#8230;)&#8220;. You cannot choose which rows to delete, they all are gone. With delete you can have a WHERE clause to choose which rows to delete. Delete is more appropriate if you need to delete a small percentage of table rows (or partition rows).</p>



<p><strong>Vedran Kesegic</strong></p>



<p>Truncate is a metadata operation, requires a different lock (SCH_M, schema modification lock). If also has some restrictins regarding foreign keys etc. Check the documentation for the list of limitations: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/statements/truncate-table-transact-sql</p>



<p><strong>Carsten Saastamoinen-Jakobsen</strong></p>



<p>It is not an argument to call TRUNCATE a DDL statement because a certain lock is used! When statements are categorized, it must be based on what happens and not how a given database system solves the task. Data is deleted, the structure is preserved and only some data may be deleted. When one or more partitions are deleted, the condition is also well-known, but just limited. In previous versions of database systems &#8211; and perhaps still &#8211; a TRUNCATE was performed by a DROP TABLE + CREATE TABLE. Hence DDL rights. It just shows that it is problematic to categorize based on how it is performed and not based on what actually happens. If we look at the documentation for SQL Server, it is not mentioned that TRUNCATE is a DDL. We may have to recognize that a previous error categorization should not continue to call TRUNCATE a DDL, but recognize that it is a DML. We will also be free from erroneous claims about only deleting all rows, that space is not released, that the transaction cannot be rolled back, &#8230;. A DELETE operation without a user-defined transaction cannot be rolled back either! But DELETE is DML and not DDL. TRUNCATE is &#8218;created&#8216; for having af fast way of deleting rows, and extended for only deleting some of the rows &#8211; DML!!!</p>



<p><strong>Vedran Kesegic</strong></p>



<p>No, the SCH-M lock (the &#8222;king of all locks&#8220;) is not the sole reason why TRUNCATE is DDL. DML writes data (rows in user tables), while DDL writes metadata (rows in system tables, data that describes other/user objects). Truncate happens to write metadata (system tables) and thus is classified as DDL. See the doc: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/sql/sql-server-2012/ff848799(v=sql.110)</p>



<p><strong>Carsten Saastamoinen-Jakobsen</strong></p>



<p>Can you tell which data is written to the system tables that is not written when removing rows by DELETE? The only additional information is, that with TRUNCATE of all rows without specifying partitions is, that the &#8218;identity&#8216; is reset to the initial values. Removing some or all rows with specifying partitions, this value is not reset to the initial value. Empty page are handled in the same way as empty page after DELETE! All indexes are preserved, the table definition is NOT changed, &#8230;.</p>



<p><strong>Vedran Kesegic</strong></p>



<p>Better than that &#8211; you can see for yourself! The exact difference and details are present in transaction log records after you do TRUNCATE and compare that to log records that DELETE generates. Use fn_dblog() function, but only on the test system because it is undocumented and might have an impact.</p>



<p>Or you are trying to say that Microsoft is wrong in documentation? If so, report it to MS so doc can be fixed. But in this case there is nothing to fix.</p>



<p>Or you are trying to argue with SQL Certified Master about SQL? Good luck Mr <img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/1f642.png" alt="🙂" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /></p>



<p><strong>Carsten Saastamoinen-Jakobsen</strong></p>



<p>I say that MS is right in the documentations because they are not telling that TRUNCATE is as DDL, because they know that TRUNCATE is a DML!. Of course there is less in the log &#8211; it is the idea wit TRUNCATE!!!!!!!! Just te functionality and te reason for implementing TRUNCATE as an alternative to DELETE. But the log is NOT the system tables!!!!! So please tell which system tables are updated as they are updated when CRAETE, ALTER and DROP but NOT updated when INSERT, DELETE or UPDATE.</p>



<p><strong>Vedran Kesegic</strong></p>



<p>TRUNCATE modifies internal system tables sys.sysallocunits and sys.sysrowsets. DELETE modifies indexes and stats &#8211; see attached pictures. You could do that yourself using fn_dblog as instructed, but I did that for you so you don&#8217;t have to. If you want to know more about deep SQL Server internals you can attend one of my trainings, or trainings of other SQL Masters like Brent Ozar, Paul Randal (sqlskills), etc.</p>



<p><strong>Carsten Saastamoinen-Jakobsen</strong></p>



<p>Of course they are modified as INSERT DELETE and UPDATE modify this informations. But INSERT, DELETE and UPDATE are still only DML and not DDL. And I am not impressed of your job by showing me this information. If you was showing the same for the other DML statements it would be fine. So maybe you should modify your course material and also shows the same for the other DML statements!!!!</p>
</details>



<p></p><p>The post <a href="https://dbavonnebenan.de/sql-server-truncate-vs-delete-dml-or-ddl-de/">TRUNCATE TABLE Operationen im Detail – ROLLBACK ist doch möglich</a> first appeared on <a href="https://dbavonnebenan.de">DBA von Nebenan</a>.</p>]]></content:encoded>
					
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